铝电解气泡行为及超声作用的冷态模拟  

Room temperature simulation of ultrasound on anode bubbles' behavior in aluminum electrolysis

作　　者：李吉刚[1] 薛济来[1] 朱骏[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国科技论文》2015年第12期1469-1473,共5页China Sciencepaper

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50874012)

摘　　要：针对在铝电解阳极上加载超声主要通过阳极气泡产生作用，但高温铝电解气泡行为观察比较困难的问题，采用透明槽研究水溶液铅电解过程中阳极气泡长大、逸出过程及加载超声后，声强与极距对阳极气泡形态和覆盖度的影响，并以此进行铝电解过程冷态模拟试验。结果表明：在电流为0．1 A，极距为4．0 cm 的条件下，阳极加载超声声强低于0．027 W／cm2时，可去除部分阳极底表面气泡，槽电压减小值随超声声强的增大而增大，当气泡刚好被全部清除，槽电压减小值大约为22 mV；当声强大于0．027 W／cm2后，可全部去除阳极底表面气泡，但超声作用对槽电压减小值的作用效果大大减弱，在超声声强为0．094 W／cm2时，槽电压减小值大约为27 mV。超声驱使阳极气体以微小气泡的形态快速逸出并形成部分射流，当超声声强较小（0．022 W／cm2）时，阳极气泡区域覆盖度随极距的降低（4．0～1．5 cm），从0．17升高到0．53，大致呈线性增大关系，为电解过程采用适当的超声声强和极距提供技术支持。Aimed at the predominant effects of ultrasound on anodic bubbles,but it is difficult to observe at high temperature in aluminum electrolysis.So anode bubbles’growing,escaping process and influences of ultrasound intensity and anode-cathode dis-tance （ACD）on bubbles’coverage have been investigated through a transparent cell in lead electrolysis system,as a room tem-perature simulation method for aluminum electrolysis process.At current 0.1 A,the ACD 4.0 cm,the ultrasound intensity was less than 0.027 W/cm2 on the anode and the bubbles cannot be eliminated completely,when the bubbles just were eliminated completely,the value of cell voltage reducing was 22 mV.Whereas the ultrasound intensity was more than 0.027 W/cm2 ,the bubbles can be eliminated completely,but the effects of ultrasound on decreasing cell voltage were weakened rapidly,the value of cell voltage reducing was 27 mV at ultrasound intensity 0.094 W/cm2 .The anode gases formed very fine bubbles and jet flows quickly when the bubbles escaped from the anode by ultrasound.The ultrasound was loaded of intensity 0.022 W/cm2 ,the bub-bles’coverage increased linearly from 0.17 to 0.53 with the ACD decreasing （4.0-1.5 cm）.Applying optimal input ultrasound intensity and ACD in electrolytic process provided technical supply.

关 键 词：有色金属冶金 气泡生长 电解过程 超声作用 阳极气泡覆盖度 

分 类 号：TF821[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]