论拉美国家产业结构调整的必要性和紧迫性  

Economic Development and the Industrial Upgrading in Latin America

作　　者：苏振兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2015年第3期3-10,33,共9页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：当前,新兴经济体经济增速放缓是普遍现象,尽管它们面临的国际环境相同,但受外部环境的影响又存在着差异性,其重要原因之一是各经济体对资源输出的依赖程度不同。2011年以来,拉美经济再次转入下行态势,面临的挑战主要包括出口不振、经常账户与财政账户"双赤字"、投资率下降、通胀反弹等。拉美国家经济下行的内因首先是自身结构性失衡,集中表现为净出口、投资和内需"三驾马车"对经济增长贡献的失衡,形成单靠内需拉动增长的困难局面;其深层原因是产业结构调整包括基础设施建设滞后,这是由近30年拉美国家产业结构调整的反复与曲折等造成的。因此,加快产业结构调整既是全球科技革命与产业调整大趋势的现实要求,也是拉美国家实现经济可持续发展和缓解社会矛盾的迫切需要。但是,这一产业结构调整进程仍面临诸多挑战,其政策选择主要包括:从结构上摆脱对自然资源的依赖;制定长期战略,发挥国家的政治动员、政策协调和推进作用,形成完整的相互协调的政策体系;扩大融资渠道;建立地区性产业链条。There is a noticeable economic slowdown in Latin America and the Caribbean since 2011.Regional countries are facing challenges posed by decreased export,current account and fiscal deficits,low rate of investment and rising inflation.It is argued that it is a result of structural imbalance in the region.Regional countries failed to promote export and investment and were increasingly dependent on domestic demand to boost economic growth,which caused a relatively poor economic performance in recent years.It can be concluded that they need to take measures to restructure and upgrade the industry to decrease and even remove the dependence on commodity export.Regional governments should serve as the major promoter to develop a long-term strategy of industrial upgrading based on political mobilization,policy coordination and interest convergence.

关 键 词：拉丁美洲 产业结构 结构性失衡 资源比较优势 政策选择 

分 类 号：F121.3[经济管理—世界经济]