健康信念指导对妇女乳腺癌早期筛查行为相关影响因素的干预效果  

Related factors affecting women early breast cancer screening behavior and effect of nursing intervention

作　　者：邱惠玉[1] 许淑月[1] 林琼珠[1] 洪玟仙 

机构地区：[1]广东省汕头市中心医院,515031

出　　处：《国际护理学杂志》2015年第11期1513-1515,共3页international journal of nursing

摘　　要：目的：探讨健康信念指导对妇女乳腺癌早期筛查行为影响因素的干预效果，以便提高妇女积极参与乳腺癌早期筛查的健康保护意识。方法选取汕头市某小区100名妇女，随机分为干预组和对照组，每组50名。干预组妇女在调查问卷后采取为期1年的以乳腺癌知识和健康信念为模式的护理干预措施；对照组妇女采取一次常规性乳腺疾病知识健康教育。对两组妇女在自我乳腺健康保护意识、乳腺癌相关知识水平、主动定期进行乳房检查及参与医院有关体检等方面进行比较分析。结果干预组妇女在提高健康信念、感知到的易感性、感知的益处增加、早期筛查的好处和检查方法等知晓率方面明显优于对照组（ P＜0．05）；且感知障碍减少明显低于对照组（ P＜0．05）。干预组妇女受高等教育者、经济收入偏高、有固定职业等人数均多于对照组，其积极主动进行乳腺自我检查、临床检查和X线摄片（乳腺钼靶）检查等方面的参与人数明显高于对照组（ P＜0．05）。干预组妇女主动每月进行1次乳腺自我检查、1年进行一次临床检查和X线摄片等检查率（97％）明显高于对照组（30％）（ P＜0．05）。干预组妇女在乳腺异常检出率、良性病变检出率、乳腺癌检出率等方面也显著高于对照组（ P＜0．05）。结论了解影响妇女乳腺癌早期筛查行为的相关因素及采取健康信念指导干预措施，可明显增强妇女的乳腺健康保健意识，促进乳腺检查行为及提高体检参与率，对妇女乳腺癌早期普查具有重要意义。Objective To explore women＇s influence factors early breast cancer screening behavior and the effect of nursing inter-vention.Methods A total of 100 women were selected as the research object, the intervention group was given a one-year for breast cancer knowledge and health belief model nursing intervention measures, while control group was given 1 normal mammary gland disease health edu-cation knowledge.Results Intervention group was improved health beliefs, perceived susceptibility and benefits early screening than those of control group.At the same time, self examination, clinical examination and X-ray radiography inspection participation were also significantly higher than those in control group.Conclusions Understand related factors affecting women early breast cancer screening behavior and health belief to guide nursing intervention measures, could obviously enhance women＇s breast health care consciousness, promote breast check behavior and improve medical participation rate.

关 键 词：妇女 乳腺癌 早期筛查 健康信念模式 行为因素 

分 类 号：R473.73[医药卫生—护理学]