第30届伦敦奥运会世界田坛竞争格局新变化及对中国的启示  

New changes in the world sports competition pattern and the enlightenment to China

作　　者：苏荣海[1] 邵作刚[1] 刘慧慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学体育与运动学院,北京100875

出　　处：《山东体育科技》2015年第3期48-53,共6页Shandong Sports Science & Technology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(编号:SKZZX2013066)

摘　　要：通过对第30届伦敦奥运会为主的近几届奥运会田径各单项比赛成绩进行统计分析,表明田径整体竞技实力呈地域性分布,各洲际实力表现为欧洲>北美洲>非洲>大洋洲>亚洲>南美洲。北美洲和非洲分别在短距离速度项目和中长跑项目上形成绝对优势,欧洲田径项目整体实力较均衡,而中国乃至亚洲国家只是在个别项目上寻求突破,以点带面立足于国际田坛。当今世界田坛总体竞争格局可划分为4个特征明显的集团,并呈现"金字塔"型结构。处于"金字塔"顶尖集团依旧被美国、俄罗斯、牙买加和肯尼亚等4个国家占领,而处于"金字塔"低层国家更替变化明显。中国田径落后局面未改变,竞走、投掷项目表现优异,未来将继续保持优势。男子短跨、女子马拉松和女子跳跃项目属潜优势项目,我国男女短跑、男女跳跃和男女全能项目则实力较弱。Mainly based on the 30th London olympic Games, the analysis of the competition results shows that there is a regional distribution in the world sports competition; the intercontinental strength ranking is Europe 〉 North America 〉 Africa 〉 Oceania 〉 Asia 〉 South America. North America and Africa respectively have an absolute advantage in the short distance speed and medium distance running; the overall strength of the European athletics is balanced ; China and even Asia just seek breakthrough on individual events, to make a foothold on the international sport. In today＇s world, overall competition pattern can be divided into 4 groups with obvious characteristics, which are in ＂ Pyramid＂ structure. The top of the ＂ Pyramid＂ was still occupied by America, Russia, Jamaica and Kenya. Countries in the lower ＂ Pyramid＂ change obviously. China＇s backward situation in sports is unchanged, although walking and throwing are excellent. Man short span, women＇s marathon and women＇s jump belongs to the latent advantage. Men＇s and women＇s sprinting, jumping and all -around event are still weak.

关 键 词：伦敦奥运会 世界田坛 竞争格局 

分 类 号：G82[文化科学—体育训练]