葡萄糖醛酸木聚糖生物合成研究进展  

Research progress in glucuronoxylan biosynthesis

作　　者：吴蔼民[1] 赵先海[1] 解巧丽 解新明[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2015年第4期1-10,共10页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31170165;31270594);广东省自然科学基金(S2013010011988)

摘　　要：【目的】细胞壁在植物形态结构维持、生长发育和抗病虫害等方面起重要作用,有些细胞壁还可以作为食用或药用材料.近年来植物细胞壁更是作为重要的生物质资源和生物原材料,成为植物学研究的一个热点.作为细胞壁重要成分之一的木聚糖更是在这十年间取得了突破性进展,有必要对其进行总结.【方法】通过查阅相关文献,并结合笔者的研究,归纳总结葡萄糖醛酸木聚糖生物合成的研究进展.【结果和结论】葡萄糖醛酸木聚糖为植物次生壁最主要的半纤维素组分,其合成需要多种糖基转移酶参与.模式植物拟南芥中葡萄糖醛酸木聚糖合成相关基因的突变会导致不规则木质部导管坍塌和木纤维细胞壁变薄等.通过这些拟南芥突变体的表型分析和基因功能研究,鉴定了多个与葡萄糖醛酸木聚糖的主链、四糖末端和侧链合成有关的基因,对这些基因的整体分析有利于更加充分地了解葡萄糖醛酸木聚糖的合成途径.该文对参与葡萄糖醛酸木聚糖合成的相关基因进行了综述,对葡萄糖醛酸合成中的一些不确定问题进行了探讨,并展望了一些葡萄糖醛酸木聚糖将来的研究重点.【Objective】Plant cell wall plays a very important role in plant morphological structure maintenance,growth,development and resistance to diseases and pests. Some cell walls can also be used as edible or medicinal materials. Recently,the plant cell wall,regarded as an important biomass resource and biological material,has become a hot research topic in botany. As one of the important components of the cell wall,it is necessary to summarize the xylan achievement and breakthrough in the past decade.【Method】The progress of glucuronoxylan biosynthesis was summarized through the relevant literatures and the authors researches.【Result and conclusion】Glucuronoxylan is the principal hemicellulose component of secondary cell wall,which was synthesized by multiple glycosyltransferases. Deficiency of glucuronoxylan synthetase genes in Arabidopsis thaliana could lead to irregular xylem,collapsed vessel and fiber cell wall thinning. A number of genes involving in glucuronoxylan biosyntheses were discovered by phenotype analyses and gene functional analyses. These genes participated in the biosynthesis of glucuronoxylan backbone,tetrasaccharide terminals and side groups. The overall analysis of the genes was conducive to understanding the passway of the biosynthesis of glucuronoxylan. In this paper,the genes participation in glucuronoxylan biosynthesis have been reviewed and some uncertain issues of glucuronoxylan biosynthesis have been discussed in some future research priorities.

关 键 词：细胞壁 葡萄糖醛酸木聚糖 糖基转移酶 结构 生物合成 

分 类 号：Q942[生物学—植物学] Q945