阿尔蚜茧蜂对不同龄期豌豆蚜的寄生及后代适合度研究  

Parasitism and offspring fitness of Aphidius ervi Haliday in relation to its host Acyrthosphon pisum Harris at different stages

作　　者：张廷伟[1] 黄纯倩 杜军利[2] 刘长仲[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,兰州730070 [2]安徽科技学院植物科学院,凤阳233100

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2015年第7期914-918,共5页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金博导类课题(20136202110007);国家自然科学基金项目(31260433)资助

摘　　要：为了明确阿尔蚜茧蜂(Aphidius ervi Haliday)对寄主豌豆蚜[Acyrthosiphon pisum(Harris)]龄期的寄生偏好及其后代适合度特征,在24℃下进行了阿尔蚜茧蜂对不同龄期豌豆蚜的寄生作用研究。结果表明:豌豆蚜被寄生时的龄期大小对阿尔蚜茧蜂的寄生和后代适合度有显著影响(P<0.05)。阿尔蚜茧蜂能寄生各发育期豌豆蚜,但对2龄若蚜的寄生率最高(56.67%),其次为1龄若蚜(30.67%),而对4龄若蚜和成蚜的寄生率最低;寄生低龄蚜虫的后代蜂羽化率显著高于寄生高龄若蚜和成蚜。阿尔蚜茧蜂寄生1龄若蚜后,僵蚜出现历期最长(9.47 d),后代蜂羽化历期也最长(5.51 d),随着被寄生时寄主龄期的增大,僵蚜出现历期和后代蜂羽化历期都逐渐缩短;后代蜂发育历期在寄生1龄若蚜时最长(14.85 d),而寄生成蚜时最短(7.87 d)。后代蜂雌性比例在寄生1龄若蚜时最低(24.52%),而寄生成蚜时最高(57.33%),且后代蜂体型随寄主龄期(体型)增大而增大。寄主龄期(体型)与阿尔蚜茧蜂后代适合度呈正相关。因此,从后代适合度的角度,阿尔蚜茧蜂偏好选择龄期(体型)大的寄主寄生,但取得较高的后代适合度的代价是降低其寄生率。说明寄主龄期(体型)大小对阿尔蚜茧蜂的寄生选择及其后代适合度具有重要影响。Pea aphid [Acyrthosiphon pisum（Harris）] at different growth stages were used to explore the host stage preference of Aphidius ervi Haliday to pea aphid and the effect of host-stage parasitism on parasitoid offspring fitness at（24±1） ℃. The results suggested that the host stage of pea aphid had a significant（P〈 0.05） influence on the parasitic behavior and fitness of A. ervi offspring. Although A. ervi parasitized on all the stages of pea aphid, the parasitic rate of A. ervi in the 2nd instar aphids was highest（56.67%）. This was followed by the parasitic rate in the 1st instar aphids（30.67%） and the 4th instar nymphs, while that in the adults was least. The eclosion rate of offspring of A. ervi was significantly higher in young nymphs than in older hosts. The duration of offspring wasp was longest in the 1st instar aphids. The duration from egg release to mummy appearance of A. ervi in the 1st instar aphids was 9.47 d and that from mummy appearance to eclosion was 5.51 d, which gradually shortened with increasing host stage. The duration of offspring development was longest in the 1st instar aphids（14.85 d） and shortest in adults（7.87 d）. The proportion of female offspring of A. ervi was significantly greater in adults（57.33%） than in 1st instar（24.52%）. Meanwhile, emerging adult size of offspring increased with increasing host stage（or body size）. Host stage（or body size） was positively correlated with parasitoid offspring fitness. From offspring fitness measures, A. ervi females preferred to parasitize in older aphids for higher fitness return despite the risk of lower parasitic rate trade-off. The results suggested that host stage（or body size） significantly influenced parasitic selection of A. ervi and offspring fitness.

关 键 词：豌豆蚜 阿尔蚜茧蜂 寄主龄期 后代适合度 寄生率 容性寄生蜂 

分 类 号：S435.79[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]