转基因产品贸易与国际法规制研究  

The Trade of GM Products and the Regulation of International Law

作　　者：胡加祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院,上海200030

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2015年第4期96-107,共12页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重点课题"世界各国对转基因食品的政策和法律规制比较研究"(14AGJ004)

摘　　要：目前,世界上还没有一个组织针对转基因产品贸易制定过有约束力的国际条约。相关规定分别散见于世贸组织制定的多边贸易协议以及其他全球性和区域性组织制定的条约中。除了WTO规则,其他国际条约一般不具有强制约束力。即便如此,GATT与SPS和TBT协议对转基因产品贸易的影响也是不同的。SPS协议要求世贸组织成员以"保护人类、动植物生命健康"为由限制进口必须有科学依据,其针对的是相关成员的边境措施;TBT协议允许世贸组织成员对产品质量的要求包括产品本身及其生产过程,其影响由边境交易追溯到产品的整个生产过程。作为多边贸易体制的基本规则,GATT为SPS和TBT协议的具体适用划定了一条合理的边际线,它们共同构成了转基因产品国际贸易规制的基本法律框架。然而,WTO规则是针对商品和服务的市场准入和知识产权保护,转基因产品贸易纠纷的实质不是该产品能不能"入境",而是能不能"上市",这主要依据各成员的国内法规定。国际社会如何规制各国对转基因产品贸易的管制,这是一个复杂的问题。So far,there is no institution in the world which has made any convention binding on the trade of GM products. Relevant articles can be found in the agreements under the WTO regime and other global or regional trade agreements. Except for the WTO rules, international conventions normaUy do not have the binding effect. Even so, the binding effects of GATY and SPS and TBT are different. The SPS requests WTO Members should base their bor- der restrictive measures on the sound evidence of science and technology. The TBT allows the requirement for prod- uct quality extending to the production process. As the core provisions of the multilateral trade regime, GATI＂ and SPS and TBE have delineated the baseline for the regulations on GM products. Nevertheless, WTO rules aim to regu- late the market access of trade in goods and services and the protection of intellectual property rights in trading. The essence of GM product disputes is rather over the marketability than over market access,which is regulated mainly by domestic laws. How to regulate it within the international regime is a complicated issue.

关 键 词：转基因产品贸易 国际法规制 TBT协议 SPS协议 GATT 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学]