明代盐商子弟异地科考问题及其应对——以两淮盐场为中心的考察  

Problem and Solutions for Salt Merchants' Children Taking the Imperial Examinations in Another Place in the Ming Dynasty:Centered in Lianghuai Saltworks

作　　者：吕小琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学历史文化学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《河南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2015年第3期110-114,共5页Journal of Henan Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金项目(2013M531663)

摘　　要：明中叶以降,两淮盐商子弟遭遇因路途遥远,不便返乡参加科举考试的难题。为此,明朝廷试图以寄籍方式让盐商子弟附入侨寓地儒学就读。此举措不仅条件苛刻,而且因挤占学额引发当地士子的不满,故效果不佳,而盐官向明朝廷奏请建立盐场儒学即运学,又无果而终。随着盐商实力的进一步增强,明朝廷于万历十三年出台"商籍"制度,规定盐商子弟不需要以寄籍方式便可附入侨寓地儒学就读,同时又可享受朝廷额外划拨的学额。这项新对策在既有户籍管理体制下同时兼顾到盐商子弟和当地士子的利益,但是它存在因内含科举特权从而破坏科举公平的根本弊端。As the number of salt merchants in Yangzhou area increased sharply,problems arose concerning Salt merchants＇ children taking imperial examinations in another place.The Ming ruler attempted to permit Salt merchants＇ children entering the County school by changing native place,but the conditions were very harsh and the local intellectuals expressed discontents.So the effect was not good.Then,Lianghuai Salt merchants proposed to set up Yun School similar to the Hedong example by the high salt officials,but failed again.In the interest of the salt merchants,the Ming ruler implemented a policy called Shang-Ji in Wanli thirteenth year.According to this policy,additional places are set aside to supplement the County school,and thus an imperial privilege is ensured.Doing so,the interests of the local intellectuals and Salt merchants＇ children were guaranteed,but the fundamental defects were also found which might wreck the fairness in the imperial examination.

关 键 词：明代 两淮 盐商子弟 运学 “商籍” 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]