增施氮肥对欧洲云杉光合生理特性的影响  

Nitrogen fertilizer supply on the European spruce effect the photosynthetic physiological characteristics

作　　者：何茜[1] 苏艳[1] 晏紫伊[1] 李吉跃[1] 王军辉[2] 王力朋 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学林学院,广东广州510642 [2]中国林业科学研究研究院林业研究所国家林业局林木培育重点实验室,北京100091 [3]梅州市林业局森林病虫害防治站,广东梅州514021

出　　处：《生态科学》2015年第3期109-115,共7页Ecological Science

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题"北方针叶树种高世代育种技术研究与示范"(2012BAD01B01)

摘　　要：欧洲云杉是我国从北欧引进的优良树种,探求其对不同施肥量的响应机制及最佳施肥区间,能够为云杉定量施肥提供理论依据和数据支持。以欧洲云杉3个无性系pab08ts1065、pab081140、pab08ts0263为试材,通过盆栽法对3个水平施氮肥处理下植株光合参数进行测定分析。结果表明:(1)不同时期各施氮处理的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和水分利用效率均高于CK。(2)施肥前期光合参数随着施肥量增加而增大;施肥中期和末期随着施肥量增加而呈现先上升后下降的趋势,说明适量施肥利于光合能力增强,但过量施肥会减少云杉光合能力的增加幅度。(3)光响应曲线均呈抛物线形式,通过光响应曲线计算出各个处理光响应参数发现增施氮肥能够明显提高其光饱和点并有效降低其光补偿点。(4)综合分析,增施氮肥能不同程度地提高欧洲云杉的净光合速率、蒸腾速率及水分利用效率、光饱和点并且降低光补偿点,三个无性系分别以10 g·株-1尿素、9 g·株-1尿素和11 g·株-1尿素处理的作用效果最好,综合得出一个最佳施肥区间为[9—11]g·株-1尿素。European spruce was a good tree species imported from Northern Europe in China. Exploring the Spruce＇s response mechanism to different amount of fertilizer and the best fertilizer range can provide a theoretical basis and data to support spruce＇s quantitative fertilization. A set of photosynthetic parameters of seasonal dynamics of Picea abies roots（clones pab08 ts 1065, pab081140, pab08ts0263） were evaluated in pots regarding to the responses to three levels supply of nitrogen. The results indicated that：（1） after three months of the N treatment, the net photosynthetic rate（Pn）, transpiration rate（Tr） and water use efficiency（WUE） were higher than CK.（2） Pre-fertilization increased photosynthetic parameters with the increase of fertilizer; fertilization with the mid-and late increase in the amount of fertilizer increased first and then showed a downward trend, indicating the amount of fertilizer wass conducive to enhancing photosynthetic capacity, but too much fertilizer would relatively reduced the increase of photosynthetic capacity.（3）The light response curve showed a parabolic form, and it could calculate the light response parameters. We found that nitrogen supply could significantly improve the light saturation point, and effectively reduced the light compensation point.（4） Different levels of nitrogen supply could improve the European spruce net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency, light saturation point and lower light compensation point in vary degree, of which 10 g· plant-1, 9 g· plant-1, 11 g· plant-1 effect of the best for these three European spruce clones. A range of best fertilizer urea was [9-11] g· plant-1urea.

关 键 词：欧洲云杉 施肥 光合特性 光响应曲线 

分 类 号：S725.5[农业科学—林木遗传育种]