2014年广州市番禺区水痘聚集性疫情中突破病例流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological charicteristics analysis on breakthrough cases varicella aggregation outbreaks in Panyu district of Guangzhou in 2014

作　　者：苏宁[1] 邢启明 梁文靖[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州市番禺区疾病预防控制中心,广东511400 [2]广州市番禺区中心血站

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2015年第7期712-714,717,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2012B061700014)

摘　　要：目的分析水痘聚集性疫情中突破病例的流行病学特征,为水痘防控措施的制定提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对2014年广州市番禺区水痘报告资料和聚集性疫情资料进行描述,并按照三间分布对突破病例的流行病学特征进行描述和比较。结果 2014年36宗聚集性疫情(4宗报告突发公共卫生事件)共报告临床病例223例,其中76例有明确的接种记录,为突破病例,占34.08%(76/223);第四季度(l0~12月)为发病高峰,病例集中在5~9岁组,全区12个街镇发生聚集性疫情,其中10个有突破病例发生,按有无免疫史分别对时间、年龄和地区分布进行比较,差异均无统计学意义(χ2时间=5.45、χ2年龄=0.02和χ2地区=1.95,P﹥0.05),显示突破病例与无免疫史的水痘病例的流行病学三间分布特征一致。突破病例发病时间与Var V接种时间间隔以3~5年为主,占61.84%。结论广州市番禺区水痘聚集性疫情中突破病例发生率较高,病例呈现出明显的季节性和人群分布特征,显示1剂次Var V的免疫程序对学生的保护作用不足,建议在小学生入学前接种第2剂Var V。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of breakthrough cases irom varicella out- breaks, and to provide evidence for varicella prevention and control. Methods A descriptive epidemiological method was used to describe the reported data of varicella outbreaks and sporadic cases in 2014 , as well as the epidemiological features of breakthrough cases from outbreaks in accordance with time, space and popula tion distribution. Results 36 outbreaks of varicella was reported in Panyu district of Guangzhou in 2014 （4 ca- ses of emergent public health events was reported）, a total of 223 clinical cases were reported, including 76 breakthrough cases with clear vaccination record, accounting for 34. 08% （76/223） ; （October - Decem- ber） in the fourth quarter was the peak of the disease, cases concentrated in the 5 to 9 years old group, vari- celia outbreaks occurred in 12 street town, among them 10 street towns have breakthrough cases, according to the presence of immune history respectively on the time , population age and regional distribution, had no sig- nificant difference （ X^ime = 5. 45, X^so = 0. 02 and X^sion~ = 1.95, P 〉 0. 05） ; The result show that the epidemiological distribution characteristics between the breakthrough cases and no history of immune varicella ca- ses are consistent. The interval between onset time and VarV inoculation time of breakthrough cases are given pri- ority to with 3 to 5 years, accounting for 61.84%. Conclusions Breakthrough cases had a higher incidence in varicella outbreaks in Panyu district, cases showed obvious seasonal and population distribution. It showed that a dose of VarV immunization programs for students of protection is not enough, suggest getting the second agent VarV before primary school entrance.

关 键 词：水痘 聚集性 突破病例 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R511.5[医药卫生—内科学]