中国工业技术进步的偏向是否节约能源  

Does the Bias of China's Industrial Technical Change Energy-saving

作　　者：王班班[1] 齐绍洲[2] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学经济学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]武汉大学经济与管理学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2015年第7期24-31,共8页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目"偏向型技术进步对中国工业碳强度的影响研究"(编号:2014QNRC029)

摘　　要：偏向型技术进步对中国工业节能减排具有重要的作用,这就需要将能源视为一种生产投入要素,并测算技术进步在不同要素之间的偏向。采用数据包络法从全要素生产率Malmquist指数中进一步分解出投入要素偏向技术变化(IBTECH)指数,该指数可以度量生产前沿面的旋转效应。在此基础上,判别了1999-2012年中国工业36个行业技术进步的要素偏向。论文的主要结论有:第一,偏向型技术进步总体而言有助于中国工业全要素生产率的提升,几乎所有工业行业在1999-2012年期间、"十五"和"十一五"分阶段的IBTECH指数均大于1,并且偏向型技术进步对全要素生产率的贡献程度在2007年以后也有大幅提升。第二,中国工业技术进步的偏向在能源和资本之间、能源和中间品之间均节约能源,在能源和劳动力之间节约劳动力,但总体而言呈现出节约能源的特征。第三,从变化趋势和行业分布来看,中国工业节约能源型技术进步在近年来得到了增强,节约能源的行业数在"十一五"期间明显多于"十五";在7个年排放1亿t以上的高排放行业中,节约能源技术进步的特征甚至更为明显。这一结果在一定程度表明,过去十到二十年之间我国能源价格去管制化和其他节能减排的政策措施对引导节约能源型技术进步发挥了积极的作用。Energy-saving technical change is significant to energy conservation and emissions reduction of China＇s industry. In research, it needs to calculate the bias of technical change between different pairs of input factors and treat energy as one of them. In this paper, we applied the data envelopment analysis to decompose the input-biased technical change （IBTECH） index from the Malmquist total factor productivity index. And we further presented the technical change bias of 36 industrial sectors in China during the period from 1999 to 2012 according to the IBTEOI-I index. Empirical results contain three as pects. Firstly, the general effect of biased technical change can improve the total factor productivity in China. The IBTECH indices in nearly all sectors are greater than 1 during the period from 1999 to 2012, the 10th FYP and 11 th FYP periods. And its contribution to TFP has been enhancing since 2007. Secondly, the bias of China＇s industrial technical change has shown the feature of energy-saving that it is energy-saving between factor pairs of energy-capital and energy-intermediates. Thirdly, the tendency of energy-saving technical change has been strengthened in recent years, more sectors in the 1 l＇h FYP period show energy-saving technical change compared to that in the 11 th FYP period, and the trend is even more obvious in the 7 sectors whose annual emissions surpass 1 billion t. The results are meaningful to the emissions reduction in China＇s industry. Besides, the result also implies that the deregulation of energy price and other policies in China have induced energy-saving technical change in the past tens of years.

关 键 词：偏向型技术进步 中性技术进步 能源要素 IBTECH指数 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]