环境污染治理成本内部化条件下的适度生猪养殖规模的研究  

Optimum-scale of Pig Farming: A Perspective of Internalizing the Cost of Environmental Pollution Control

作　　者：吴林海 许国艳 杨乐 

机构地区：[1]江南大学江苏省食品安全研究基地,江苏无锡214122 [2]食品安全与营养协同创新中心,江苏无锡214122 [3]江南大学商学院,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2015年第7期113-119,共7页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"食品安全风险社会共治研究"(编号:14ZDA069);江苏省六大人才高峰资助项目"食品安全消费政策研究:可追溯猪肉的案例"(编号:2012-JY-002);江苏省高校哲学社会科学优秀创新团队建设项目"中国食品安全风险防范研究"(编号:2013-011);江南大学新农村发展研究院战略研究课题"新农村建设中的生态环境问题及其对食用农产品安全的影响"(编号:JUSRP1502XNC)

摘　　要：本文基于对江苏省阜宁县261个生猪养殖户的实地调查,从生猪养殖投入与产出的角度,考察了生猪养殖规模报酬情况。研究发现,考虑生猪养殖综合技术水平与资本、劳动力和土地等生产要素对生猪规模产量的影响,阜宁县生猪养殖存在规模报酬递减。由此,如果政府单纯出于提高生猪规模产量的目的,鼓励养殖户扩大养殖规模,满足猪肉市场需求的政策并不可取。研究还发现,当养殖户不承担相应的环境污染治理成本时,最佳的养殖规模在600-800头之间;当环境污染治理成本内部化时,最佳的养殖规模在31-35头之间。与此同时,生猪的市场价格与政府政策因素也影响最佳的生猪养殖规模。生猪的市场价格越高,则最佳养殖规模量越大;政府的目标函数不同,最佳养殖规模量也将随之改变。故政府应该根据生猪产业分工的区域发展目标,制定相应的政策策略,通过政策调节区域内不同层次的养殖主体的生猪养殖规模保持在一个合理的区间内,以实现经济效益与环境效益的统一。Based on the investigation of 261 pig farmers from Funing Country, Jiangsu province, this paper examined the returns to scale in pig fanning from the perspective of input and output of pig farming. The results indicate that taking the effect of comprehensive technical level on pig farming, capital, labor and land into account, pig farming in Funing Country is at the decreasing stage of returns to scale. Thus, it is undesirable to encourage farmers to expand the scale of farming and then to meet the demand of pork market if the government is just from promoting pig output angle. We also found that, when pig farmers don＇ t bear the cost of environmental pollution control, the optimum-scale is between 600 herds and 800 herds; when pig farmers bear the whole cost of environmental pollution control, the optimum-scale is between 31 herds and 35 herds. Meanwhile, the price of pigs and government policy also affect optimum-scale. In a word, the price of pigs is higher; the optimum-scale is larger; the government＇ s objective function can change the optimum-scale. Therefore, in order to realize the unification of the economic and environmental benefits, the government should formulate the corresponding policies on the basis of the division of pig industry, and affect the scale of farming within a reasonable range through policies.

关 键 词：生猪养殖 环境污染 治理成本内部化 适度规模 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济]