不同播期对早熟油菜叶片激素水平的影响及其与花芽分化的关系  

Effects of sowing dates on leaf hormone and bud differentiation of early-maturing rapeseed

作　　者：康洋歌 张利艳[1] 张春雷[1] 代碌碌 袁金展[1] 李明[1,2] 马霓[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所农业部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,湖北武汉430062 [2]华中农业大学,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2015年第3期291-300,共10页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31101124;31071372和31271671);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203096);国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD11B03)

摘　　要：为指导早熟油菜育种和高产高效栽培技术,分别于2013-2014年9月15日、9月30日和10月15日进行播种,调查早熟油菜(1358)与中熟油菜(中双11号,对照)和晚熟油菜(浙双8号,对照)花芽分化进程、花器官数量增长规律及苗后期嫩叶激素含量的变化。结果表明,早熟的1358各播期花芽分化早于两个中、晚熟品种对照,花芽分化时间比两对照短。播期对1358花芽分化的起始、现蕾和抽薹时间影响较大,早播时1358花器官发育较慢且数量明显偏低,迟播时1358的花芽分化时间延后。早熟的1358各播期在苗后期叶片GA3和ZR平均含量显著高于两对照,而ABA和IAA平均含量显著低于两对照;迟播使早熟的1358苗后期GA3和ZR平均含量降低,并使ABA和IAA平均含量升高。早熟的1358各播期GA3含量在花芽分化中期出现峰值,且9月中下旬播种的GA3含量在整个苗后期均较高;ZR含量在花芽分化前期和后期均出现峰值;ABA和IAA含量在花芽分化前期较低,花芽分化后期到达峰值。对内源激素比例变化研究表明,早熟的1358各播期苗后期GA3/ABA、ZR/IAA高于两对照,IAA/ABA低于两对照。综上,适当迟播可避免早熟品种因过早开花遭受冻害而减产,苗后期叶片内源激素含量和比例的变化是调节早熟油菜成花的关键因素。To early - maturing and high yield - and - efficiency cultivation on rapeseed production,3 varieties （early - maturing variety 1358,mid - maturing cv Zhongshuang 11 and late - maturing cv Zheshuang 8）with the 3 different sowing dates（Sept 15,Sept 30 and Oct 15）were designed to study the flower bud differentiation and its relationship with endogenous hormones. Results showed that under 3 sowing dates,flower bud differentiation of 1358 was earlier than that of mid - and late - maturing cultivars. The differentiation duration was much shorter than that of the other two. Flower bud differentiation of 1358 was prolonged with fewer flowers when sowed on Sept 15,and was delayed when sowed on Oct 15. Initiation of floral primordium differentiation and budding was greatly influenced by sowing dates. During late seedling stage,leaves gibberellin（GA3 ）and zeatin riboside（ZR）levels of 1358 were significantly higher than that of the other two,and abscisic acid（ ABA）and indole lacetic acid （IAA）levels were lower. Under late sowing,GA3 and ZR levels decreased,ABA and IAA levels increased. Under 3 sowing dates,GA3 level of 1358 reached the peak during middle flower bud differentiation period,and ZR level reached the peak during early and late flower bud differentiation periods. ABA and IAA levels were low during ear-ly flower bud differentiation but reached the peak during late flower bud differentiation. During the whole late seed-ling stage,GA3 level was very high which sowed in mid and late September. Ratios of GA3 / ABA and ZR/ IAA were higher than that of the other 2 cultivars under 3 sowing dates,but IAA/ ABA were lower. In summary,late sowing on Oct 15 was appropriate for the early - maturing rapeseed to bloom at moderate time and reach a high yield. Leaves hormones and their ratios at late seedling stage were key factors in regulating flower bud differentiation.

关 键 词：早熟油菜 播期 花芽分化 内源激素 

分 类 号：S565.401[农业科学—作物学]