促进作物秸秆和菌核腐解的复合生物制剂应用效果  

Application effect of compound microbial agents promoting crop straw and sclerotia decomposition

作　　者：谢立华[1] 淡育红 胡小加[1] 余常兵[1] 李银水[1] 秦璐[1] 张银波[1] 胡磊[1] 廖星[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所农业部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,湖北武汉430062 [2]枝江市农业技术推广中心,湖北枝江443200

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2015年第3期372-376,共5页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503123-9);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费预算增量项目(2014ZL029);国家农业产业技术体系(nycytx)

摘　　要：为高效降解秸秆和腐解油菜病原菌菌核(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum de Bary),研制出由棘孢曲霉(Aspergillus aculeatus)和哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)孢子悬浮液配制的复合液体菌剂和由哈茨木霉和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)与菜籽饼和油菜秸秆进行发酵所得的固体复合生物肥料,通过盆栽模拟试验,分析复合生物制剂腐解秸秆和油菜病原菌菌核的效率,测定其对盆栽土壤的影响。结果发现,与基质对照相比,油菜和水稻秸秆腐解率分别提高15.07%和5.81%,菌核萌发率分别下降20.98%和12.28%;复合生物制剂腐解的秸秆可显著提高土壤酸性磷酸酶和脲酶活性。利用水稻秸秆还田并施用复合生物肥料可显著提高油菜产量,油菜籽比空白对照增产9.6%。To effectively decay crop straw and rapeseed pathogen（sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum）,2 fun-gi（Aspergillus aculeatus,Trichoderma harzianum）and 1 bacteria（Bacillus subtilis）were used in pot experiments. A. aculeatus strain Asp - 3 and T. harzianum strain Tri - 5 were made into conidium suspension（compound liquid inoculants,CLI）to study their decomposing effects. T. harzianum strain Tri - 5 and B. subtilis strain Tu - 100 with decompose rapeseed meal and straw were used as compound bio - fertilizer（CBF）. Results showed that compared to the matrix control,after CLI spray,rape straw decomposition rate increased 15. 07% ,and sclerotia germination rate decreased 20. 98% . After using CBF,rice straw decomposition rate increased 5. 81% ,and sclerotia germina-tion rate decreased 12. 28% . Soil acid phosphatase and urease activities increased and sclerotia germination rate decreased significantly after using CBF and CLI. Rapeseed yield was also significantly increased after using CBF with rice straw,with the yield 9. 6% higher than that of blank control.

关 键 词：油菜 秸秆 菌核 棘孢曲霉 哈茨木霉 枯草芽孢杆菌 复合生物制剂 

分 类 号：S144.1[农业科学—肥料学]