烟草烟碱含量性状的杂种优势及配合力分析  

Analysis on heterosis and combining ability of nicotine content in tobacco

作　　者：王国琴[1] 刘仁祥[1] 段兴友[1] 徐航[1] 陈绍凯[1] 龙瑶[1] 汪志威[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院/贵州省烟草品质研究重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2015年第11期36-41,共6页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省烟草专卖局公关项目"贵州烤烟新品种杂种优势利用选育研究"(黔烟科[2011]02号)

摘　　要：为拓宽烤烟烟碱性状改良的种质资源范围,以4种烟草类型13个品种为亲本材料,采用NCII遗传交配设计,组配40个杂交组合,田间种植并测定亲本及杂种F1的烟叶烟碱含量,对烟叶烟碱含量差异、杂种优势表现、烟碱的配合力进行分析。结果显示:不同类型及品种间的烟叶烟碱含量差异极显著,其中白肋烟品种TN90的烟碱含量最高、为5.21%,晒晾烟品种青梗的烟碱含量最低、为0.94%。烟碱含量性状的杂种优势表现多样,40个杂交组合中,表现为正向超亲优势的组合有15个、占37.5%,其中优势最强的组合是G70×湄潭大蛮烟,优势率为54.35%;表现为负向超亲优势的组合有10个、占25%,其中优势最强的组合是红花大金元×湄潭大蛮烟,优势率为-26.71%;表现为中亲优势的组合有15个、占37.5%。亲本材料间烟碱含量的一般配合力差异显著,其中一般配合力效应值最高的是巴斯玛、为21.35,最低的是青梗、为-15.77;组合间烟碱含量的特殊配合力差异极显著,其中特殊配合力效应值最高的是G70×湄潭大蛮烟、为29.80,最低的是红花大金元×湄潭大蛮烟、为-40.05。表明烟草烟碱含量性状改良的遗传资源丰富,在烤烟育种中引入其他烟草类型的优良性状,同时筛选烟叶烟碱含量符合生产需求的烤烟新品种是可行的。In order to broaden the scope of germplasm resources for nicotine improvement of flue-cured tobacco, with 13 varieties of four kinds of tobacco types as materials, NCII genetic mating design was used to equip with 40 cross combinations, they were planted in the field, and the nicotine contents of parents and F1 were measured to analyze the differences, heterosis performance and combining ability of nicotine contents in tobacco leaves. The results showed that the nicotine contents of different types and varieties were significantly different, burley TN90 had the highest with 5.21%, Qinggeng had the lowest with 0.94%. The heterosis performance of nicotine content was diverse. In the 40 cross combinations, there were 15 positive over- parent cross combinations, accounting for 37.5%, and cross combination G70 x Meitandaman had the strongest advantage with 54.35%. There were 10 negative over-parent cross combinations, accounting for 25%, and cross combination Honghuadajinyuan × Meitandaman had the strongest advantage with -26.71%. There were 15 mid-parent cross combinations, accounting for 37.5%. The general combining ability （GCA）of nicotine content in different parent materials was significantly different. The GCA value of Basma was the highest, with 21.35; and the lowest was Qinggeng, with -15.77. The specific combining ability （SCAt of nicotine content in different combinations was significantly different. The SCA value of G70 × Meitandaman cross combination was the highest, with 29.80; and the lowest was Honghuadajinyuan x Meitandaman cross combination, with -40.05. Results indicate that, the genetic improvement resources of nicotine content are abundant. In flue-cured tobacco breeding, introducing the good traits of other tobacco types, and screening new varieties of flue-cured tobacco whose nicotine content comply the production needs are feasible.

关 键 词：烟草 烟碱 杂种优势 配合力 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]