3种不同有机质包膜尿素的养分释放特征及肥效  

Nutrient release characteristics and fertilizer efficiencies of three kinds of organic coated urea

作　　者：汪立梅[1] 陈娴[1] 钟秀娟[1] 林海琳[2] 毛小云[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642 [2]仲恺农业工程学院化学工程系,广东广州510225

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2015年第11期71-76,共6页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2 011BAD11B0 5);广东省教育部产学研结合项目(2011B090400358);广东省科技计划项目(2012A020602055)

摘　　要：以3种有机质作为主要包膜材料制得3种包膜(腐殖酸包膜、花生麸包膜、生物碳包膜)尿素,采用25℃静水连续溶出试验检测其养分释放特性,通过玉米盆栽试验和水稻大田试验,对3种有机质包膜尿素的肥效和氮肥利用率进行研究。溶出试验结果表明:3种有机质包膜尿素具有良好的缓释效果,其中生物碳包膜尿素达到缓释肥料标准(GB/T23348-2009)要求。玉米盆栽试验结果显示,与等氮施肥的普通尿素相比,3种有机质包膜尿素对盆栽玉米生物量的增产效果显著,分别达32.96%、25.38%、24.10%;氮肥利用率分别达到77.21%、76.16%和57.67%,比普通尿素提高2倍以上;其收获后土壤残留的矿质态氮含量也有所增加。水稻大田小区试验结果表明:以腐殖酸包膜尿素配制的2种缓释BB肥均能促进水稻生长,稻穗长和稻谷千粒重增加,稻谷单产分别增加20.5%和23.1%,达到显著水平。In this paper, three kinds of coated urea （humic acid coated urea, peanut bran coated urea, biochar coated urea） were made by different organic materials. A continuous dissolution test was carried out to determine their nutrient release characteristics, maize pot experiment and rice field experiment were conducted to investigate their fertilizer efficiencies and nitrogen use efficiencies. The results showed that the slow release effects of the three kinds of organic coated urea were good, and the biochar coated urea reached the requirements of slow-release fertilizer standard （GB/T23348-2009）. The pot experiment results showed that, compared with the common urea, three kinds of organic coated urea could make the yield of maize increased by 32.96%, 25.38%, 24.10% respectively; the N-use efficiencies were 77.21%, 76.16%, 57.67% respectively, over twice than that of the common urea; the remained mineralized N in soil after reaping the maize increased. The rice field plot experiment results showed that two kinds of BB fertilizer which were made by the humie acid coated urea significantly promoted rice growth, increased panicle length and thousand-grain weight. The yield per 667 m2 increased by 20.5% and 23.1% respectively, reached significant level.

关 键 词：有机质 包膜尿素 养分释放 肥效 

分 类 号：S145.5[农业科学—肥料学]