东北3个典型区冲沟形态发育特征及其成因  

Morphologies Characteristics and Driving Factors of Gullies in Black Soil Region of Northeast China

作　　者：顾广贺[1] 范昊明[1] 王岩松[2] 钟云飞[2] 刘建祥[2] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水利学院,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]水利部松辽水利委员会,吉林长春130000

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2015年第3期30-33,38,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然基金项目"东北黑土低山丘陵区融雪侵蚀机理与过程研究"(41371272)

摘　　要：[目的]研究黑土区自然环境地域性分异特征对冲沟形态的影响。[方法]利用差分GPS测量冲沟,基于GIS平台计算冲沟形态参数,分析五一、光荣、吉兴3个典型冲沟形态特征及成因。[结果]冲沟长度、面积、体积,宽度、深度、横断面面积之间分别成正相关关系。就冲沟长度、面积、体积而言,五一>光荣>吉兴,就冲沟深度、宽度、横断面面积而言,光荣>五一>吉兴;土壤黏粒、砾石含量,持水能力及土层厚度对冲沟形态影响显著,降雨因素对冲沟形态影响有限。[结论]地形因子是影响冲沟形态的重要因素。随着地形因子的增加,冲沟长度、面积、体积增加显著,当地形因子为36.75时,冲沟横截面面积最大。[Objective]To study the effects of different environment factors in black soil region on gullies morphologies.[Methods]The gully morphologies were measured by differential GPS and their morphological parameters were calculated by GIS,then the reasons of different gully morphologies were analyzed.[Results]The length,area and volume of gullies were positive correlation,and the width,the depth and sectional area of gullies were positive correlation too.The gully length,gully area and gully volume in Wuyi watershed were the biggest,the second were in Gaungrong watershed,and the third were in Jixing watershed.In terms of gully width,gully depth and gully sectional area,that of Gaungrong watershed were the biggest,and then were that in Wuyi watershed and Jixing watershed.The content of soil clay and gravel,soil water-holding capacity,and soil thickness had important influences on gullies morphologies,rainfall factors had less important effects.[Conclusion]Terrain factors are the important factors influencing the gully morphologies.With the growth of terrain factor,the length,area and volume of gullies increased significantly,the sectional area of gully was the biggest when the terrain factor was 36.75.

关 键 词：冲沟形态 发育 东北黑土区 地形因子 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]