马克思“唯灵论”批判思想研究  

A Study of Marx's Critical Thought of Spiritualism

作　　者：苗贵山[1] 杨奕青 

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学,河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《北京行政学院学报》2015年第3期94-100,共7页Journal of Beijing administration institute

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(10YJA710045);河南省社会科学基金项目(2014BZZ008);河南省教育厅社会科学基金项目(2014GH753)

摘　　要：在马克思的理论视野中,资产阶级在政治与经济领域所持有的观念形态继承了宗教(基督教)以抽象的精神观念能动地把握世界的方式,从而都具有了唯灵论特征。因而,马克思把对宗教唯灵论的批判看作是政治与经济领域批判的前提。在政治领域中,资产阶级思想家把私有财产制度抽象人格化,从简单的经济关系出发来论证自由和平等,从而使建立在这种抽象人格基础上的自由和平等等政治国家的政治理念日益抽象化,并支配着社会成员的头脑且企图实现所谓的普遍利益而具有唯灵论特征;在经济领域中,资本拜物教是商品拜物教、货币拜物教的最高峰,资本这一抽象的"死劳动"借助于雇佣劳动这一"活劳动"得以不断增殖从而具有了支配人的灵性。马克思对这三种唯灵论批判的意图在于提醒人们要搞清楚资本主义制度所包含的矛盾以及资本主义社会的现实形态和观念形态之间的差别,不被抽象观念所支配,从而唤醒工人阶级的彻底的革命意识。In the field of Marxist theory, the bourgeois ideology in the political and economic fields inherited some religious （Christianity） ways of dynamic grasping the world by the spiritual and abstract concept, which have the characteristics of Spiritualism. In the political sphere, the bourgeois thinkers generalized private property system into abstraction and personification and demonstrated freedom and equality starting with simple economic relations so that political ideas based on the abstract personality, such as, freedom and equality, became increasingly abstract, dominated minds of society members and attempted to achieve the so-called general interest, which have the characteristics of Spiritualism; In the economic field, the capital fetishism is the top of commodity fetishism and money fetishism. The capital, the so-called dead labor, is proliferated by wage labor, the so-called living labor, which have also the characteristics of Spiritualism. The intent on Marx＇s critique of these three Spiritualisms is to remind people to figure out contradictions of capitalist system and the difference between reality and ideology of capitalist society and not to dominated by abstract concepts, so as to awaken the complete revolutionary consciousness of the working class.

关 键 词：马克思 宗教唯灵论 政治唯灵论 资本拜物教 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]