栽培方式对夏直播花生产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Cultivation Modes on Yield and Quality of Summer-sowing Peanut

作　　者：高波[1] 孙奇泽[1] 刘辰[1] 孙莲强[1] 顾学花[1] 崔莎莎[1] 张倩[1] 李向东[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《花生学报》2015年第2期7-11,共5页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD11B04-2);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31171496);山东省现代花生产业技术体系专项资助(SDAIT-05-022-01)

摘　　要：选用早熟型大花生品系365-1为试验材料,研究地膜覆盖、秸秆还田、免耕对夏直播花生产量和品质的影响。结果表明,地膜覆盖栽培提高了籽仁棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸含量和花生单株结果数,降低了千克果数,并显著提高了产量。秸秆还田提高了籽仁的粗脂肪、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸含量和花生双仁果率、单果重,对提高产量有一定作用。免耕栽培对花生产量提高和品质改善不利。本试验条件下,秸秆还田结合地膜覆盖处理荚果产量最高,且花生籽仁的蛋白质含量和粗脂肪含量有所提高;免耕秸秆覆盖栽培作为保护性耕作方式,较秸秆还田露地栽培增产4.71%,粗脂肪含量最高,具有一定推广价值。The experiment was carried out to study film mulching, straw returning and no-tillage cultivation on pod yield and seed quality of summer-sowing peanut, using the precocious strain 365-1 as experimental material.The results showed that film mulching cultivation could increase the pod number per plant, reduce the pod number per kilogram, and significantly enhance pod yield of the peanut.Meanwhile, it also increased the content of palmitic, oleic, linoleic, Met and Phe in kernel. Straw returning cultivation could improve double-kernel pod rate and pod weight, and increase pod yield of peanut.It also increased the content of fat, Met and Phe in kernel.No-tillage cultivation could not increase pod yield and improve seed quality of peanut.Under the experimental conditions, we could get the highest pod yield and higher content of protein and fat in kernel by straw returning and film mulching cultivation.Compared to straw returning and none film mulching cultivation, there was some popularization value of no-tillage and straw mulching cultivation as conservation tillage, with increasing pod yield as 4.71% and the highest content of fat in kernel.

关 键 词：夏直播花生 栽培方式 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学] S318