黄河巴彦高勒—头道拐河段冲淤变化与分布  

Variation and Space Distribution of Erosion and Deposition in Bayangaole to Toudaoguai Reach of the Yellow River

作　　者：唐华[1] 林秀芝[1] 胡恬[1] 苏林山 

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院水利部黄河泥沙重点实验室,河南郑州450003 [2]黄河勘测规划设计有限公司,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《人民黄河》2015年第7期5-8,12,共5页Yellow River

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAB02B03);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(HKY-JBYW-2013-07;HKY-JBYW-2014-05)

摘　　要：根据巴彦高勒—头道拐河段实测大断面资料,采用锥体方法计算了不同河段、不同时段的滩槽冲淤分布。结果表明:11962—2012年该河段共淤积泥沙8.635亿t,其中主河槽淤积2.256亿t、滩地淤积6.379亿t,该时段巴彦高勒—三湖河口河段淤积泥沙1.692亿t,三湖河口—头道拐河段淤积泥沙6.943亿t,淤积主要发生在十大孔兑入汇的河段。21982—2000年巴彦高勒—头道拐河段淤积最为严重,共淤积泥沙7.657亿t,其中主河槽淤积5.805亿t、滩地淤积1.852亿t,该时段巴彦高勒—三湖河口河段淤积泥沙2.403亿t,其中主河槽淤积2.001亿t、滩地淤积0.402亿t;三湖河口—头道拐河段淤积泥沙5.254亿t,其中主河槽淤积3.804亿t、滩地共淤积1.450亿t;1982—2000年大部分淤积发生在主河槽内,导致整个河段主河槽淤积萎缩严重,排洪排凌能力降低,防汛压力增大。Based on the measured cross data of Bayangaole to Toudaoguai reach,this paper computed the silted distribution of the main chan nel and floodplain in different reaches and different periods by using cone method. The results show that：a）from 1962 to 2012,the totalamount of sedimentation is 0. 863 5 billion tons in this reach,of which,0. 225 6 billion tons in the main channel and 0. 637 9 billion tons in the floodplain. During this period,the amount of sedimentation from Bayangaole to Sanhuhekou and from Sanhuhekou to Toudaoguai are0. 169 2 billion tons and 0. 694 3 billion tons respectively. The sedimentation is mainly caused at the afflux reaches of ten tributaries. b）The most serious sedimentation is 0. 765 7 billion tons caused in the reach from Bayangaole to Toudaguai during 1982 to 2000,of which,0. 580 5billion tons of siltation in the main channel and 0. 185 2 billion tons of siltation in the floodplain respectively. In this time,0. 240 3 billion tons of sedimentation is caused in the reach from Bayangaole to Sanhuhekou,of which,0. 200 1 billion tons of siltation in the main channel and 0. 040 2 billion tons of siltation in the floodplain separately. While 0. 525 4 billion tons of sedimentation is caused in the reach from San huhekou to Toudaguai,of which,0. 380 4 billion tons of siltation in the main channel and 0. 145 billion tons of siltation in the floodplain.During this period,the sedimentation is mainly caused in the main channel,resulting in the serious deposition and shrinkage of the main channel,reducing the discharging capacity of floods and ice run and increasing the pressure of flood control.

关 键 词：主河槽 滩地 空间分布 冲淤变化 巴彦高勒—头道拐河段 黄河 

分 类 号：TV697[水利工程—水利水电工程] TV882.1