锋面与暖区短时强降水的特征差异分析  

Analysis of Characteristic Differences in Frontal and Warm Section Short-Time Heavy Rainfall

作　　者：罗聪 胡胜[2] 张羽 李怀宇 何如意 

机构地区：[1]广州市气象台,广东广州510080 [2]广东省气象台,广东广州510080

出　　处：《广东气象》2015年第3期6-10,共5页Guangdong Meteorology

基　　金：华南区域气象中心科技攻关项目(GRMC2012M01;GRMC2012M06);广东省气象局科技项目(2013B01);公益性行业专项(GYHY201406003)共同资助

摘　　要：选择2012—2013年锋面和暖区强降水过程,利用自动站、Micaps和SWAN雷达拼图资料分析两类短时强降水的雨强及伴随的灾害性大风特征,并针对典型强降水风暴的环境场和雷达物理量特征进行对比,结果发现:(1)暖区强降水过程出现80 mm/h以上超强降水的概率更大,降水极值也更大,但锋面强降水更容易伴随有灾害性大风出现。(2)暖区强降水通常发生在不稳定能量较高的环境场中,湿层深厚,低空暖湿急流输送是重要原因,而锋面强降水过程中,容易受锋面或中层冷空气逆温影响,使得CAPE明显偏小。(3)锋面短时强降水风暴的最大反射率因子更强,核心高度更高,VIL和强回波区VIL密度更大,具有更深厚的强回波核区,平均移动速度也更快;锋面强降水风暴具有强度更大和更为深厚的强回波核心区,决定了此类风暴的对流性更明显。In this paper, the rainfall intensity and severe winds characteristics in frontal and warm section heavy rainfall occurred during 2012 - 2013 are analyzed using the automatic observatory, Micaps and radar mosaic data from SWAN; besides, the environmental physical field feature and radar feature of typical heavy rainfall storm ceils are compared. Resuks show that： （ 1 ） There is a higher probability of heavy rainfall above 80 mm / h in warm section, and the rainfall extreme is greater; however, the frontal heavy rainfall accompanied by severe wind easier. （2） Warm section heavy rainfall usually occurs at higher unstable envi- ronment field, and the low-level warm jet transport leads to deep wet layer; while the impaction of front or middle-layer cold air inversion usually makes CAPE significantly smaller in frontal heavy rainfall. （3） The storm cells in frontal heavy rainfall show stronger echoes, higher core, greater VIL and VILD in strong echoes area, with more profound strong echoes area and moving faster in average, these factors make the con- vection of storm cells more obvious.

关 键 词：天气学 短时强降水 环境物理量 雷达特征 

分 类 号：P44[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]