广州市三种霾日统计方法的比较分析  

Comparison of Three Methods on Calculating Haze Days in Guangzhou

作　　者：吴晓绚 杜尧东[2] 刘蔚琴[2] 

机构地区：[1]广州市气候与农业气象中心,广东广州511430 [2]广东省气候中心,广东广州510080

出　　处：《广东气象》2015年第3期39-42,47,共5页Guangdong Meteorology

基　　金：中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201404);广东省气象局科学技术研究项目(014Q03)共同资助

摘　　要：根据广州市5个气象观测站1980—2013年的能见度、相对湿度和天气现象等资料,采用人工观测法、日均值法和14时值法对广州市霾日特征进行了对比分析。结果表明,3种方法统计的全市霾日数、霾日变化速率差异较大。全市年平均霾日是日均值法>人工观测法>14时值法,大致比例是1∶0.61∶0.48。人工观测法统计的广州市霾日变化速率最大,达2.9 d/年,是日均值法的2.9倍、14时值法的3.6倍。但是,3种方法统计的全市霾日长期变化趋势、季节变化特点和空间分布特征基本一致。霾日长期变化均呈显著上升趋势;霾日冬季最多,夏季最少;中心城区和花都区为霾日高值区。综合考虑霾日长期变化趋势、季节变化特点、空间分布特征和经济社会发展状况,日均值法统计更能反映广州市霾日的实际变化特征。Based on the visibility, relative humidity and weather phenomena data in 5 meteorological stations from 1980 to 2013, variation characteristics of haze days in Guangzhou were analyzed and compared by using the methods of artificial observation, daily mean data and 14：00 data. The results showed that large differences exist in the mean number and variation rate of mean haze days in the whole city during the past 33 years when calculated by the three methods. The mean number of haze days has a general ratio of about 1：0.61：0.48. The haze days variation rate calculated by the artificial observation method was 2.9 d per year, about 2.9 times and 3.6 times those calculated by the daily mean data method and 14：00 data meth- od, respectively. However, the long- term trends of haze days, seasonal variation and spatial distribution appeared to be similar among the three methods. The haze days calculated by the three methods appeared to have the same increasing trend. The haze days were maximum in winter and minimum in summer. Areas of frequent haze days were located mainly in the city center and Huadu. When long term trends, seasonal vari- ation and spatial distribution of haze days calculated by the three methods are taken account, together with factors of economic and social development, the haze days calculated by the daily mean data method can best reflect the real variation characteristics of haze days in Guangzhou.

关 键 词：大气现象 霾日 统计方法 时空特征 广州 

分 类 号：P427[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]