2007-2013年汉中市流行性乙型脑炎流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological Characteristics of Epidemic Encephalitis B in Hanzhong City,2007-2013

作　　者：汤为君[1] 赵汉民[1] 王珩[1] 武敏讷 邹荣峰 

机构地区：[1]汉中市疾病预防控制中心,陕西汉中723000

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2015年第6期449-452,共4页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的了解陕西省汉中市2007-2013年流行性乙型脑炎的流行特征,为制定乙型脑炎预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法按照《陕西省流行性乙型脑炎监测方案》病例定义开展监测,采用描述性流行病学方法对汉中市2007-2013年乙型脑炎监测病例进行统计分析。结果汉中市2007-2013年共报告乙型脑炎58例,报告年发病率波动在0.34/10万~0.03/10万之间,平均发病率为0.21/10万,病死率3.4%,2009年出现流行高峰,发病率达0.49/10万,2010年后下降。病例散发在全市的10个县区农村,以洋县、宁强居多,各占总病例的24.14%。发病季节集中在7~9月,发病年龄以学龄儿童和学生为主,其中,1~6岁占56.9%,7~15岁占20.7%。病例中无免疫史或免疫史不详者占79.3%,其中≤15岁以下儿童无免疫史或免疫史不详者占56.9%。病例临床分型极重型占10.4%,中、重型各占36.2%,轻型和未分型病例各占8.6%,这些病例中有2例死亡,其余经治疗大部分恢复正常。结论 2007-2013年汉中市乙脑发病趋势呈波动性下降,地区分布广,病例多散发于农村15岁以下年龄组儿童,与未接种疫苗或疫苗接种不全有关,因此切实提高乙脑疫苗接种率,扎实开展乙脑病例监测,在高发地区及农村进行重点控制,是降低汉中市乙型脑炎发病的重要措施。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of epidemic encephalitis B in Hanzhong city of Shaanxi province during 2007 to 2013,and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control measures. Methods Monitoring work was conducted according to Monitoring scheme of epidemic encephalitis B in Shaanxi province. The cases of epidemic encephalitis B during 2007-2013 in Hanzhong city were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological method. Results During the period,a total of 58 cases were reported and the incidence rate fluctuated between 0. 03 /105-0. 34 /105. The average incidence was 0. 21 /105 and the fatality rate was 3. 4%. The incidence rate peaked in 2009（ 0. 49 /105） and decreased since 2010. The cases distributed in the 10 counties and affiliated villages,and concentrated mainly in Yangxian county and Ningqiang county,each accounted for 24. 14% of the total cases. The onset season was in Jul.,Aug. and Sep. The vulnerable populations were mainly school age children,among which those with age of 1-6 accounted for56. 9% and those with age of 7-15 accounted for20. 7%. The cases with no immune history or unknown immune history accounted for 79. 3% of the total, among which children ≤ 15 years old accounted for56. 9%. The clinical classification constituent included cases of extreme severe type（ 10. 4%）,severe type（ 36. 2%）,mild type（ 8. 6%） and undifferentiated type（ 8. 6%）. There were two cases died and other cases were mostly recovered after treatment. Conclusion The epidemic encephalitis B shows a fluctuating and declining trend during 2007-2013 and is widespread in Hanzhong. The children under 15 years old are the vulnerable population. The occurrence of this disease is associated with no vaccination or incomplete vaccination.To lower the incidence,countermeasures are recommended as： substantially enhancing the vaccination rate,solid monitoring and focusing in high prevalence areas and rural areas.

关 键 词：流行性乙型脑炎流行病学特征 防控措施 

分 类 号：R512.32[医药卫生—内科学]