温室夏闲季种植翻压绿肥对土壤可溶性有机碳氮及无机氮的影响  

Effects of plantation and utilization of green manures during the summer fallow season on soil dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen,and inorganic nitrogen in greenhouse

作　　者：胡晓珊[1] 唐树梅[1] 曹卫东[2,3] 孟磊[1] 白金顺[2] 高嵩涓[4] 曾闹华[2] 常单娜 王雪翠[4] 

机构地区：[1]海南大学农学院,海南海口570228 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081 [3]青海大学青海农林科学院,青海西宁810016 [4]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2015年第3期21-28,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项"绿肥作物生产与利用技术集成研究及示范(201103005)"

摘　　要：为明确温室土壤可溶性有机碳（DOC）、可溶性有机氮（DON）和无机氮（Nmin）对夏闲绿肥措施的响应特征,选取豆科（绿豆、田菁、印度豇豆）、禾本科（甜玉米、高丹草）和苋科（籽粒苋）6种绿肥,研究了不同夏季填闲绿肥种植、翻压对温室土壤DOC,DON和Nmin含量及其剖面分布的影响。结果表明,种植不同绿肥品种均增加了土壤DOC含量,0-40 cm土层增加显著;减少了土壤DON及无机氮含量。绿肥全量还田后,土壤剖面DOC含量均有所增加,苋科处理低于豆科和禾本科处理;土壤DON及Nmin含量较绿肥翻压前均有不同程度增加,不同处理间表现有所差异,总体表现为豆科处理〈对照处理〈禾本科、苋科处理。绿肥根茬还田时,土壤DOC、DON及Nmin含量均低于不种绿肥处理。本研究为温室夏闲绿肥的应用提供了参考：低肥力土壤建议采用生物量适中的豆科作物并尽可能全量还田,以发挥其固氮效果及对土壤的养分供应能力;而高肥力温室土壤中要着重考虑环境风险,应当选择籽粒苋、高丹草等根系较深、生物量大的夏季绿肥作物作为填闲作物,同时结合后茬蔬菜的施肥措施来决定绿肥还田量。To understand the characteristics of soil dissolved organic carbon（ DOC）,dissolved organic nitrogen（ DON） and inorganic nitrogen（ Nmin） responding to different green manures used as summer catch crops,six species of green manures were chosen in this study. These species belong to three families of Leguminosae（ Mung bean,Sesbania,India cowpea）,Gramineae（ Sweet corn,Gaodan grass） and Amaranthaceae（ Amaranth）,respectively. A control treatment without green manure was included. Green manures were returned into soil in two ways,i. e.,all biomass returned and only the roots returned. The soils were sampled in 0 ~ 100 cm soil profiles at an interval of 20 cm on 1 d before and on 20 d after the green manures returned. The results showed that,the soil DOC contents increased after planting green manures,especially in 0 ~ 40 cm layer. Planting green manures reduced the soil DON and the Nmincontents. When all biomass returned into the soils,the DOC contents in the whole soil profile were increased in all green manure treatments,and the treatments of Leguminosae and Gramineae enhanced more than the treatment of Amaranthaceae did. Turning over the green manures could increase the soil DON and Nmincontents as well,especially in the treatments of all biomass returned. The soil DON and Nmincontents varied among different treatments with the trend of Leguminosae treatments control Gramineae and Amaranthaceae treatments. When the roots only returned,the soil DOC,DON and Nminof the green manure treatments were all lower than those in the control treatment. This study provided theoretical and technical supports for both the suitable green manure selection as summer catch crops in greenhouse and the appropriate utilization methods of green manure biomass as follows： The low fertility soil is recommended using legume crops with moderate biomass and total returning as far as possible. So the effect of nitrogen fixation and the ability of nutrient supply to soil could be exerted. While the high fertility soil in

关 键 词：温室 夏闲季 绿肥 可溶性碳 可溶性氮 无机氮 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]