沼气肥养分物质和重金属含量差异及安全农用分析  

The difference and safe agro-application analysis of nutrients and heavy metals contents in biogas fertilizers

作　　者：董志新[1] 卜玉山[1] 续珍[2] 刘秀珍[1] 刘奋武[1] 张吴平[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太谷030801 [2]中国农业大学资源环境学院,北京100091

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2015年第3期105-110,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：山西省留学归国项目(2013-重点7);山西省攻关项目(20130313007-3)

摘　　要：对山西省高平市不同沼气肥有机质、养分和重金属含量进行比较分析,结果表明:沼气肥的p H值均呈碱性。鸡粪沼液中有机质、全N、P、K含量均高于猪粪沼液,秸秆沼液中有机质和全K含量高于鸡粪和猪粪沼液。沼渣富含有机质,且秸秆沼渣有机质含量均高于猪粪沼渣。猪粪沼渣全N含量高于全P和全K,而秸秆沼渣全K含量高于全N和全P;两类沼渣中有效P含量占全P的比重最大。3种沼液的中、微量元素均以Cl含量最高,且超过农田灌溉水质标准(GB5084-2005);Ca和Mg含量次之,Cu含量最低。6个沼渣的中、微量元素均以Ca、Fe含量较高;3个猪粪沼渣均以Cl含量较少,而3个秸秆沼渣均以Mn、Cu含量较低。1号猪粪沼渣As含量超过有机肥料标准(NY525-2012)。由此可见,部分沼液和沼渣可能存在有害物质过高的问题,从而影响其农用的价值和效果,存在潜在的生态环境风险。同时,应加强相关标准的制定和完善,以确保沼气肥的安全、高效农业利用。The nutrient and heavy metal contents of biogas fertilizers from different biogas digester in the Gaoping city of Shanxi province were compared and analyzed. The results indicated that the pH of biogas fertilizers were all alkalinity. The organic matter,total N,total P,and total K contents in biogas slurry of chicken manure were higher than that in biogas slurry of pig manure and the organic matter and total K contents in biogas slurry of straw were higher than that in biogas slurry of chicken manure and pig manure. Biogas residue was rich in organic matter and the organic matter in biogas residue of straw was higher than that in biogas residue of pig manure. The total N was higher than total P and total K in biogas residue of pig manure and the total K was higher than total N and total P in biogas residue of straw. The ratio of available P to total P was the highest in the two kinds of biogas residue. The Cl concentration was the highest among the medium and trace elements and exceeded the farmland irrigation water quality standards（ GB 5084-2005）,then followed by Ca and Mg,and Cu content was lowest in the three kinds of biogas slurry. The Ca and Fe contents were higher among the medium and trace elements in the 6 biogas residues,and the Cl content was lower in the 3 biogas residues of pig manure,but the Mn and Cu contents were lower in the 3 biogas residues of straw. The As content exceed organic fertilizers standards（ NY 525-2012） in the pig manure biogas residue of No. 1. Thus it could be seen that part of biogas slurry and residue might exist excessive harmful substances and that could affect its value and effect of agro-application and there was potential ecological environment risk. At the same time,the formulation and improvement of relevant standards should be strengthened for the safe and efficient agro-application of biogas fertilizer.

关 键 词：沼渣 沼液 养分 微量元素 重金属 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学]