德国食品法中健康保护的机构、方法和程序  

Organ, Method and Procedure of Health Protection in German Food Law

作　　者：弗瑞德海姆.胡芬 喻文光[3,4] 

机构地区：[1]德国美因茨大学 [2]中德规制法研究所学术顾问委员会 [3]中国人民大学法学院 [4]中德规制法研究所

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2015年第4期42-47,共6页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

摘　　要：德国现代食品法的重要内容包括基本原则和理想模型,主要有预防原则、成熟的消费者理想模型、透明原则、可追溯性原则和分级责任,其对行政机关和市场主体的行为进行了规范。在食品行政管理领域,欧盟层面的立法和司法主要由欧盟主导,但食品监督和管理责任由成员国承担。德国同样采用立法权限集中、行政管理权限分散的模式。在实行许可自由原则的基础上,德国食品法还规定了广泛的风险预防措施、对消费者的多种保护方法,及其"黑名单"、食品行业自我监督和质量保证和大个体商业企业监督等制度。此外,《欧洲人权公约》和德国《基本法》规定了在食品法领域针对国家措施的法律救济途径。Main contents of the German modern food law contain basic principles and ideal models, including the prevention principle, the mature consumer ideal model, the transparency principle, the traceability principle and the classification accountability, which regulate behaviors of both administrative organs and market subjects. In food administration field, legislation and justice at the EU level are led by itself while the food supervision and management responsibility are carried out by member countries. As for Germany, it also takes the mode of centralized legislation and dispersed administration. Based on the principle of license free, the German food law also lays down some systems such as wide risk prevention methods, multiple protection of consumers, ＇blacklist＇, self-supervision and quality assurance of food industry, supervision of large-scaled individual business enterprises, etc. Besides, related legal relief against state measures in food law field is also given in the European Convention on Human Rights and the German Basic Law.

关 键 词：德国食品法 基本原则 理想模型 食品行政管理 法律救济 

分 类 号：D951.6[政治法律—法学] DD912.1