不同玉米品种茎秆抗倒特性及其与产量的关系  

Stalk Lodging-resistance Property and Its Correlation with Yield among Different Maize Varieties

作　　者：刘卫星[1] 王晨阳[1] 王强[1] 岳鹏莉 谢旭东[1] 刘甘霖[1] 马耕[1] 卢红芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学/国家小麦工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2015年第7期17-21,共5页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203033);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD04B07;2013BAD07B07)

摘　　要：为探明不同玉米品种的抗倒伏特性及其与产量的关系,以河南省推广面积较大的13个玉米品种为材料,对其茎秆性状和产量进行聚类分析,将其分为抗倒性强或弱的不同类型品种,并研究玉米茎秆形态、力学特征及其与倒伏率和产量的关系。结果表明,抗倒性强的品种其株高、穗位高、基部节间长度较小,而基部节间周长较大,以基5节的差异最大。与抗倒性弱的品种相比,抗倒性强的品种的产量平均增加22.7%,穗长、穗粗、穗行数和百粒质量分别增加16.8%、11.9%、2.8%和4.5%,基部节间的穿刺强度、压碎强度和折断力度分别增加29.7%、17.9%和11.9%,以基3节的增加幅度最大。相关分析表明,倒伏率与基部节间长呈显著或极显著正相关,而与节间周长呈显著或极显著负相关,以基5节的相关性最大,相关系数分别为0.79**(节间长)和-0.66**(节间周长)。基部节间的力学特征与倒伏率呈显著或极显著负相关,以基3节的相关性最强,穿刺强度、压碎强度和折断力度与倒伏率的相关系数分别为-0.82**、-0.71**、-0.73**。产量及其构成因素与倒伏率呈显著或极显著负相关,其中受倒伏率影响最大的是行粒数(-0.77)。茎秆力学性状中以基3节的差异最显著,可以作为玉米抗倒伏品种选择的重要农艺性状指标。To evaluate lodging-resistance properties of different maize varieties, 13 maize varieties which were extended widely in Henan province were used as materials,the cluster analysis was done according to stem and yield traits of those maize varieties which could be divided into lodging-sensitity varieties and lodging-resistance varieties, the maize stalk morphology, mechanical characteristics and the correlations between them and lodging rate, yield were studied. The results showed that the plant height, ear height and basal internode length in lodging-resistance varieties were smaller, the perimeter of basal internodes was relatively larger, and the biggest differences were found at the fifth internode. Compared with lodging-sen- sitity varieties, yield of lodging-resistance varieties increased by 22.7% on average, and ear length, ear di- ameter, rows per ear and 100-grain weight increased by 16.8 % , 11.9 % ,2.8 % and 4.5 % , respectively ; the rind penetration strength, crushing strength and stalk break strength of basal internodes in loading-re- sistance varieties increased by 29.7% , 17.9% and 11.9% , respectively. And the greatest increase wasfound in the third internode in these varieties. Correlation analysis showed that the basal internode length was significantly positively correlated with lodging rate, while the internode perimeter was significantly negatively correlated with the lodging rate, and the fifth internode had the maximum correlated coefficient of 0.79＊＊ （ internode length） and - 0.66＊＊ （ internode perimeter）. Mechanical characteristics were sig- nificantly negatively correlated with lodging resistance, and the largest values of corelated coefficients were obtained at the third internode. The correlated coefficients between rind penetration strength, crushing strength,stalk break strength and lodging rate were -0.82 ＊＊ , -0.71 ＊＊ and -0.73 ＊＊ , respectively. Grain yield and yield components were significantly negatively correlated with the lodging rate, the grain nu

关 键 词：玉米 茎秆 抗倒伏性 力学特性 倒伏率 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]