小豆花器官分化对花荚形成及脱落的影响  

Effect of Adzuki Bean Immature Flowers' Differentiating Process on the Law of Flower Pod Formation and Abscission

作　　者：刘明[1] 姜雪梅[2] 张月辰[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学农学院,河北保定071001 [2]河北农业大学现代科技学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2015年第7期39-42,共4页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31271653);河北农业大学大学生科技创新重点扶持计划项目(2013003)

摘　　要：通过对小豆全株各叶位腋芽的整体解剖观察,结合田间花荚形成及脱落情况调查,探讨了花器官分化对小豆花荚形成及脱落的影响。结果表明:小豆开花的次序遵循小花原基出现的先后顺序依次进行,开花次序按从内而外依次开放,以不同节位小花原基首现位置从内而外依次划定内外圈,同一圈的小花经历分化的时间不同但也有可能同时开放,第4圈开花数最多;每朵小花的花萼生长速度不同,差异较大;同一分枝前一节位比后一节位相同花位花萼生长速度慢的小花,有的花药变黄却不能开放;苞片腋芽多数是花芽,芽的发育速度很慢,其着生部位多集中在主茎的中上部或多节分枝的中部或中上部,苞片腋芽形成的花序现蕾、开花数量明显高于结荚数量,这对一级分枝和主茎一级花序的营养吸收造成很大的影响。因此,田间应及时采取有效措施控制苞片腋芽花序的发育。By the anatomization of all axillary buds on the different leaf positions of the plant,combining the survey of the flower pods＇ forming and abscission in the field, this study discussed the effect of imma- ture flowers＇ differentiating process on the flower pods＇ forming and abscission of adzuki bean. The re- suits showed that the order of flowering followed the order of floret primordia of adzuki bean. Flowers opened from the inside to the out successively. Circles of inside to the and outside were delimited from the inside to the out at the first position where different nodes floret primordia appeared. Though florets diffe- rentiated at different time in the same circle, they might open at the same time, and the number of flowe- ring in 4rd circle was maximum. Calyx of every floret had different growth speed, and the difference was big. Among florets whose calyx growth speed was slower of the same flower position of pervious node than latter node at the same branch, although some anther had became yellow, they may be unable to open. Most of bract axillary buds were flower buds. Flower bud growth speed was slow extremely,and the growth site focused on the upper part of main stem and the middle or upper part of multi-node branch. The num- ber of inflorescence budding and flowering formatted by bract axillary bud was significantly higher than podding, which badly affected the nutrition absorption by primary branches and primary inflorescence ofmain stem. Therefore, we should take effective measures to control the development of bract axillary bud inflorescence in time in the field.

关 键 词：小豆 花器官分化 花荚形成 脱落 

分 类 号：S521.01[农业科学—作物学]