利用室外冷源空气的植物工厂降温节能效果分析  

Reduction in Electric-energy Consumption for Cooling by Introducing Outside Cold Air in a Plant Factory

作　　者：辛敏[1] 仝宇欣[1] 杨其长[1] 魏灵玲[1] 王君[1] 卞中华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业部设施农业节能与废弃物处理重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2015年第3期287-295,共9页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：863计划资助课题(2013AA103007);中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所基本科研业务费项目(BSRF201405)

摘　　要：通过利用室外冷源空气协同空调进行植物工厂降温,以仅使用空调降温的植物工厂为对照,同时结合零浓度差CO2施肥方法使植物工厂内外CO2浓度保持一致,调查引进室外冷源空气对植物工厂内空气温度、饱和水汽压差、CO2浓度、降温设备的节能率、性能系数（COP,coefficient of performance）及奶油生菜产量和光合色素含量的影响。结果表明：（1）引进室外冷源空气的降温方法可以将试验植物工厂内温度控制在目标范围：明期23~27℃、暗期18~22℃,外界温度越低,温度变化幅度越大;同时段试验植物工厂内的空气饱和水汽压差（明期1.3~2.7k Pa,暗期1.2~1.9k Pa）高于对照（明期0.3~1.3k Pa,暗期0.3~0.5k Pa）;配合零浓度差CO2施肥法基本能将明期大部分时段的CO2浓度控制在与外界浓度相同范围内（400~500μmol·mol-1）。（2）试验期间,与仅使用空调的降温方法相比,引进室外冷源空气的方法能使植物工厂总耗电量节省10.8%,其中试验植物工厂降温系统比对照节省了66.2%的耗电量。（3）在外界温度-4~5℃以及显热比0.4~0.9的条件下,引进室外冷源空气的风机性能系数为19.3~28.9,高于空调降温的COP值（试验植物工厂为5.3~14.7,对照植物工厂为5.8~14.9）。（4）引进室外冷源空气的降温方法未对生菜产量和光合色素含量造成显著影响。因此,采用引进室外冷源空气的控制方法不仅可以节省植物工厂的降温耗电量,还能提高降温设备的性能系数,取得显著的节能效果。The commercial use of the plant factory（ PF） with artificial light is limited because of its high operation cost.Thus,in order to reduce electric-energy consumption for cooling and the operation cost,two PFs were used in this study,in the experimental PF,a coupling control method by introducing outside cold air with fan together with air conditioner（ AC） was employed for cooling,while in the control PF,only AC was used. Null CO2 concentration difference method to maintain inside CO2 concentration at the same level as that of atmosphere was used in both PFs.The effects of introducing outside cold air on the air temperature,vapor pressure deficit（ VPD）,CO2 concentration,electric-energy consumption,coefficient of performance（ COP） of AC and fan,yield and content of photosynthetic pigments of lettuce were investigated. The results showed that：（ 1） inside air temperature could be maintained at the suitable range（ light period： 23- 27℃,dark period： 18- 22℃） for lettuce growth by introducing outside cold air. VPD in the experimental PF（ light period： 1. 3- 2. 7k Pa,dark period： 1. 2- 1. 9k Pa） was higher than that in the control PF（ light period： 0. 3 ~ 1. 3k Pa,dark period： 0. 3- 0. 5k Pa）. Null CO2 concentration difference method could maintain the inside CO2 concentration as the same level as that of atmosphere.（ 2） The total electric-energy consumption was around10. 8% lower in the experimental PF than that in the control PF.（ 3） When the outside air temperature ranged from- 4to 5℃,the sensible heat factor ranged from 0. 4 to 0. 9,COP of the fan of 19. 3- 28. 9 was higher than that of the ACs（ 5. 3- 14. 7 in the experimental PF; 5. 8- 14. 9 in the control PF）.（ 4） There were no significant differences on the yield and content of photosynthetic pigments of lettuce in two PFs. The results indicate that PF cooling by introducing outside cold air can be considered as an efficient method for reducing its electric-energy consumption.

关 键 词：空调 降温性能系数 温度 CO2浓度 节能 

分 类 号：S316[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]