东北春玉米郑单958籽粒灌浆过程的模拟  

Simulation of Grain-filling of Spring Maize(Zhengdan 958) in Northeast China

作　　者：郭春明[1] 任景全[1] 曲思邈[1] 李忠辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林省气象科学研究所,长春130062

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2015年第3期323-330,共8页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项"东北地区春玉米农业气象指标体系研究"(GYHY201206018);"东北地区土壤墒情监测预报及其对主要农作物的影响分析"(GYHY201106026);吉林省气象局青年基金项目"CERES-Maize模型在吉林省本地化及应用"(2014006)

摘　　要：利用白城国家一级农试站2011-2013年春玉米田间试验观测数据,基于Richards方程建立和验证东北春玉米籽粒灌浆模型,并进行籽粒灌浆特性分析。结果表明:分别以相对开花后天数、相对活动积温和相对≥10℃有效积温为自变量,相对百粒重为因变量建立的籽粒灌浆过程普适模型(模型I、模型II和模型III)均通过了0.01水平的显著性检验(R2>0.98)。模型回代后模拟值与实测值的评价指标NSE(Nash-Sutcliffe指数)和RSR(均方根误差与标准差的比值)值均表现为"很好"的效果。模拟值与实测值散点均在1︰1线±10%范围内。模型I显示,东北春玉米籽粒灌浆活跃期为46d,整个灌浆过程平均速率为0.84g·d-1;籽粒灌浆速率在开花后32d达到最大,为1.23g·d-1,此时玉米百粒重为15.17g;灌浆中期对百粒重的贡献率最大,为65.60%,前期和后期贡献率分别为10.50%和23.90%。模型II和模型III显示,籽粒灌浆活跃期活动积温和≥10℃有效积温分别为1043.5℃·d和679.1℃·d;灌浆速率在开花后活动积温和≥10℃有效积温分别为782.8℃·d和473.3℃·d时达到最大值;中期灌浆贡献率为67.68%。3个模型均显示,中期灌浆贡献率较大,前期和后期相对较小,说明春玉米籽粒干物质积累主要在灌浆中期完成。The grain-filling model of spring maize was established by richards equation with the experiement data of Baicheng from 2011 to 2013. The grain-filling characteristic was analyzed based on the confirm and calibration of the model. The results showed that universal grain-filling model passed the 0. 01 level of significance test which the days after flowering（ model I）,active accumulated temperature（ model II）,effective accumulated temperature above 10℃（ model III） were independent variable and the dry weight of 100-grain was dependent variable. Measured and simulated value scattered around ± 10% with 1∶ 1 line,which NSE（ Nash-Sutcliffe index） and RSR（ the rate of rootmean-square error to standard deviation） performenced very well. Model I showed that the active grain-filling duration of spring maize in northeast China was 46 d and mean grain-filling rate was 0. 84 g · d^- 1. Grain-filling rate reached maximun（ 1. 23g·d^- 1） when the days was 32 d after flowering,and dry weight was 15. 17 g. The contribution rate of middle stage of grain-filling was 65. 60%,early stage and late stage was 10. 50%,23. 90%,respectively. Model II and model III showed that the active accumulated temperature and effective accumulated temperature of grain-filling were 1043. 5℃ ·d and 679. 1℃ ·d. Grain-filling rate reached maximun when the active accumulated temperature and effective accumulated temperature were 782. 8℃ ·d and 473. 3℃ ·d after flowering. Contribution rate of middle stage of grain-filling was 67. 68%. Three models showed that the contribution rate of middle stage was high while early and late stage were relatively low. So,the most dry weight of spring maize was completed in the middle stage of grain-filling.

关 键 词：春玉米 灌浆模型 积温 东北 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]