黄淮旱地小麦品种产量性状演变研究  

Study on Variations of Yield Traits for Dryland Wheat Varieties in Huanghuai Plain

作　　者：刘新月[1] 裴磊[1] 卫云宗[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院小麦研究所,山西临汾041000

出　　处：《农学学报》2015年第7期1-8,共8页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划"973计划"项目"气候变化对我国粮食生产资源要素的影响机理研究"(2010CB951501);国家("863")计划项目"抗旱节水品种筛选与高效用水种植技术"(2011AA100501);山西省农科院育种工程项目"抗旱优质高产小麦新品种选育"(11yzgc054)

摘　　要：研究1986—2014年黄淮旱地冬小麦品种产量及其结构性状变化规律,为旱地小麦育种适应未来耕作制度和气候变化提供理论依据和技术支撑。利用近30年来国家黄淮旱地冬小麦区域试验临汾点的对照品种产量及其结构性状的资料,研究旱地小麦品种产量性状的演变规律,并进行产量及其结构性状变异的相关和通径分析。结果表明:1986—2014年产量及其结构性状的变异状况为产量>有效穗>株高>穗粒数>千粒重,尤其是2006—2014年各产量结构和产量性状变异偏离程度均最大。黄淮旱地小麦品种千粒重和穗粒数逐年缓慢上升,有效穗数和产量及株高缓慢下降。相关分析表明,产量与株高、有效穗和千粒重均呈极显著正相关。通径分析表明,在黄淮旱地小麦高产育种进化中,对产量贡献较大且为正效应的有株高、穗粒数。由此得出,耕作制度和气候变暖对黄淮旱地冬小麦产量及结构性状变化趋势有较强的影响,选育中高秆、有效穗数适中、千粒重较大的高产抗旱品种是黄淮旱地小麦适应未来气候变化的育种改良方向。The change law of yield traits and compositions in Huanghuai dryland winter wheat varieties from 1986 to 2014 were studied. The purpose of this study was to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for dryland wheat breeding adapting to the cropping system and climate change in the future. Using the data of nearly 30 years from the state dryland winter wheat regional test in Huanghuai at Linfen point, the author studied the evolution law of yield traits and compositions of check varieties, meanwhile, correlation analysis and path analysis were conducted on the variation of yield traits. The results of the yield traits evolution analysis were obtained as follows： the variation of yield traits and compositions from 1986 to 2014 was： yield 〉 effective ear 〉 plant height 〉 spike grain number per spike 〉 1000-grain weight, and the deviation degree of yield traits and compositions from 2006 to 2014 was the largest. 1000-grain weight and spike grain number of dryland wheat varieties in Huanghuai slowly rising year by year, while effective ear numbers and grain yield and plant height slowly declined. Correlation analysis showed that grain yield had an extremely and significantly positive correlation with plant height, effective ear and 1000-grain weight. Path analysis showed that the biggest direct contribution and positive effect to grain yield was plant height and spike grain number in Huanghuai dryland wheat high-yield breeding evolution. Farming system and climate warming had an effect on the variations of yield traits and compositions of dryland winter wheat in Huanghuai, the wheat variety of resistance to drought with lower plant height, higher effective panicle number and lO00-grain weight was dryland wheat breeding direction adapting to climate change in the future in Huanghuai.

关 键 词：黄淮 旱地 冬小麦 产量性状 

分 类 号：S338[农业科学—作物遗传育种]