开花期干旱胁迫对黑龙江省不同年份育成大豆品种光合特性的影响  

Drought Stress in Flowering Period on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Soybean Varieties of Different Bred Years in Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：郑伟[1] 刘成贵[1] 郭泰[1] 王志新[1] 李灿东[1] 张振宇[1] 王庆胜[1] 张茂明[1] 刘忠堂[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院,黑龙江佳木斯154007

出　　处：《农学学报》2015年第7期9-14,共6页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：黑龙江省大豆产业振兴院士工作站"黑龙江省骨干亲本和优势品种的演变特性"(2013YGZ02-1);国家科技支撑项目"北方早熟大豆新品种培育与扩繁"(2011BAD35B06);国家科技支撑计划"俄罗斯等国大豆种质资源的创新利用和品种改良"(2011DFR30840);国家"863"计划"强优势大豆杂交种的创制与应用"(2011AA10A105)

摘　　要：为了明确干旱对黑龙江省不同年份育成大豆品种光合特性的影响，选用1985—2010年期间育成的5个代表性大豆品种为试材，在开花期设置了轻度胁迫（田间最大持水量55％60％），重度胁迫（田间最大持水量35％～40％）和正常水分管理（田间最大持水量75％～80％），对光合特性进行了分析。结果表明：随着干旱强度的增强，不同年份品种单株叶面积、叶色值、净光合速率和单株粒重均呈下降趋势，但不同品种之间下降趋势存在差异。在干旱胁迫条件下随着品种育成时间的推移单株叶面积、叶色值、净光合速率和单株粒重降低百分率等均呈先升高后降低的趋势；轻度干旱条件下单株叶面积、叶色值、净光合速率和单株粒重下降百分率与育成年份相关达到显著或极显著水平（R2=0．7673、R2=0．8410、R2=0．9045、R2=0．9872），重度干旱条件下单株叶面积下降百分率与育成年份相关不显著（R2=0．6057）、叶色值、净光合速率和单株粒重下降百分率与育成年份相关均达到极显著水平（R2=0．9775、R2=0．9332、R2=0．9699）。从单株叶面积、叶色值、净光合速率和单株粒重的变化趋势可以看出，随着品种的遗传改良，黑龙江省不同年份育成大豆品种的抗旱能力呈先降低后升高的趋势。In order to research drought stress in flowering period on photosynthetic characteristics of soybean varieties of different bred years in Heilongjiang Province, 5 representative soybean varieties bred in 1985- 2010 were taken as the test materials and the author set mild-stress （the field maximum water-holding capacity 55%-60%）, serious-stress （the field maximum water-holding capacity 35%-40%） and normal （the field maximum water-holding capacity 75%-80% ） in flowering period to analyze the photosynthetic characteristics. The results showed that the leaf area per plant, leaf color value, net photosynthetic rate and grain weight per plant of soybean varieties of different bred years presented a declining trend as the drought intension enhanced and had declining differences. Under the drought stress conditions and as varieties bred time went on, the leaf area per plant, leaf color value, net photosynthetic rate and grain weight per plant presented a general increasing trend firstly and then decreased. Under the mild drought condition, the declining percentages of per plant leaf area, leaf color value, net photosynthetic rate and grain weight per plant associated with bred years reached significant or extremely significant levels （R2=0.7673, R2=0.8410,R2=0.9045, R2=0.9872）, under the severe drought condition, declining percentage of per plant leaf area was not significantly related to the bred years （R2=0.6057）, the declining percentages of leaf color value, net photosynthetic rate and grain weight per plant associated with bred years reached extremely significant level （R2=0.9775, R2=0,9332, R2=0.9699）. From the variation trend of the leaf area per plant, leaf color value, net photosynthetic rate and grain weight per plant, it was obvious tbat with the varieties＇ genetic improvement, the drought resistance ability of soybean varieties of different bred years in I-/eilongjiang Province showed a general trend of first decrease and then increase.

关 键 词：大豆 不同年份 光合特性 遗传改良 

分 类 号：S52[农业科学—作物学]