老河口市砂梨花期的物候特点分析  

Phenology Characteristics Analysis of Chinese Pear Florescence of Laohekou

作　　者：邓环[1] 马德栗[1] 徐洪海 洪国平[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉区域气候中心,武汉430074 [2]老河口气象局,湖北老河口441800

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第20期181-185,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：2015年湖北省气象局科技发展基金"干旱背景下鄂中北丘陵区典型种植制度气候风险评估及优化方法研究"(2015Y06)

摘　　要：为掌握湖北省老河口市砂梨花期的物候规律,利用老河口市20年的砂梨裂蕾期、现蕾期、初花期和盛花期4个物候期数据及温度、降水量、空气湿度、日照时数等气象数据,结合冬春农历节气,比较立春和雨水至各物候期≥0℃、≥5℃与≥6℃的有效积温及其标准差,分析各物候期日序、日数与冬春气象要素的相关关系。结果表明：（1）雨水至裂蕾期、初花期与盛花期≥0℃的活动积温和标准差小于立春至各物候期的活动积温和标准差,由此确定老河口市砂梨花芽的萌动日期更接近雨水节气。（2）立春至各物候期、雨水至各物候期≥0℃、≥5℃与≥6℃有效积温的标准差呈依次减小的趋势,且在有些年份≥7℃的有效积温为0℃;确定了老河口市砂梨开花的生物学零度为6℃左右。（3）冬至至立春的气象因子对砂梨花期无显著影响,而立春以后的活动积温对各物候期影响显著,日照时数对砂梨现蕾期至初花期、降水量及平均空气相对湿度对砂梨裂蕾期至现蕾期有显著影响。（4）砂梨初花比当地榆树和加拿大杨初花期均晚5-16日。该研究结果为老河口市砂梨花期预报提供了一定的科学依据。In order to understand the phenology rules of Chinese pear florescence of Laohekou in HubeiProvince, the author calculated the effective accumulated temperatures greater than or equal to 0, 5 and 6℃from beginning of spring and rain water to phenologies and its standard deviations based on phenology data ofChinese pear florescence including splitting, budding, early flowering and flowering and meteorological datamainly including temperature, precipitation, humidity and sunshine hours in the past 20 years and the 24 solarterms. The correlations between phenology sequence, days and corresponding meteorological factors wereanalyzed. The results showed that there were smaller effective accumulated temperatures and standarddeviations from rain water to splitting, early flowering and flowering than from beginning of spring to them. As aconsequence, the beginning of bud germinating of Chinese pear of Laohekou came closer to rain water. Therewas a decreasing trend for the standard deviation of the effective accumulated temperature greater than orequal to 0, 5 and 6℃ from beginning of spring and rain water to phenologies. The effective accumulatedtemperature greater than or equal to 7℃ was 0℃ in some years. Therefore, about 6℃ was ascertained as theminimum biological temperature to decide Chinese pear florescence＇s flowering. The meteorological factors inwinter had no significant influence on Chinese pear florescence. However, the effective accumulatedtemperature after the beginning of spring affected phenologies significantly. Moreover, there were significantimpacts of sunshine hours, precipitation and average relative air humidity on Chinese pear florescence during budding to early flowering and splitting to budding, respectively. Finally, the early flowering of Chinese pearwas 5 to 16 days later than that of elm and Canadian aspen. The results of this research may provide a goodbasis for forecasting Chinese pear florescence of Laohekou.

关 键 词：砂梨 花期 物候特点 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]