论国家对双重国籍人实施外交保护的法律资格  

A Discussion of the Legal Qualification for the Diplomatic Protection for People with Dual Nationality

作　　者：张磊[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学国际法学院,上海200042 [2]复旦大学法学院,上海200438

出　　处：《河北科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2015年第2期39-45,共7页Journal of Hebei University of Science and Technology:Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(12CFX093);中国博士后科学基金一等资助项目(2012M510096);上海市教委重点学科建设项目(国际法学J51103)

摘　　要：主权国家如何对于具有双重国籍的自然人实施外交保护一直是困扰国际法理论与实践的难点之一。当两个国家同时对双重国籍人实施外交保护时,应当分为两种情况:第一种情况,双重国籍人的一个国籍国针对另一个国籍国侵害该人的不法行为实施外交保护。在这种情况下,如果自然人与两个国籍国拥有明显不同程度的联系,那么国际法应当采用主要国籍原则来判断这两个国籍国中哪个国家拥有针对另一个国家实施外交保护的法律资格;如果自然人与两个国籍国之间拥有几乎相同程度的联系时,那么国际法应当采取无责任原则,即不允许这两个国籍国之间相互实施外交保护。不过,上述两个法律原则都存在例外情况。第二种情况,双重国籍人的两个国籍国同时针对其他非国籍国的不法行为实施外交保护。在这种情况下,既不能适用主要国籍原则,也不能适用所谓"有效和实质联系原则"。由于国际法一般没有理由不允许两个国籍国共同行使赋予它们的权利,所以任何国籍国都有权针对非国籍国实施外交保护。How sovereign states implement diplomatic protection for any natural person having a dual nationality is one of the most important issues of modern international law. The diplomatic protection for people with dual nationality is very difficult in theory and practice of international law. When the two countries claim diplomatic protection for people with dual nationality at the same time, there are two situations. First, one nationality country claims against the other. In this case, if the relationship between the people and the two countries is obviously different at closeness, predominant nationality doctrine should be applied. If the relationship between the people and the two countries is similar,non-responsibility doctrine should be applied. But both ot tlae ctoctrlnes nave ther of the nationality countries claims against any other country which is not the nationality country. Predominant nationality doctrine and so called ＂effective and essential relationship principle＂ should not applied. Since there is no ground for international law to refuse the right of the nationality countries, either of them could claim diplomatic protection.

关 键 词：外交保护 双重国籍 《外交保护条款草案》 国际争端 

分 类 号：D998[政治法律—国际法学]