中国内陆湿地生态系统服务价值评估——以71个湿地案例点为数据源  

Ecosystem service valuation research of Chinese inland wetlands based on case study

作　　者：张翼然[1] 周德民[2] 刘苗[2] 

机构地区：[1]国家基础地理信息中心,北京100830 [2]首都师范大学资环学院,北京100048

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第13期4279-4286,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项"典型湖沼湿地生态系统服务功能评价研究";国家测绘地理信息局基础测绘科技项目"自然生态空间监测及评价方法研究"

摘　　要：湿地生态系统为人类生存和发展提供了多种服务功能,不仅包括水资源、水产品等直接输出功能,还包括调蓄洪水、净化水质、调节大气成分等调节服务功能和文化服务功能。通过对已经发表湿地生态系统服务功能价值评价相关的文献进行搜集和整理,得到全国71个湿地案例点的价值评价数据,在此基础上对湿地生态系统各项服务功能在全国各区域的生态系统价值量进行对比分析。全国湿地价值评价结果显示,按照各项服务功能按照价值量高低排序依次为调节气候>调蓄洪水>涵养水源>净化水质>保持土壤>产品输出>固碳>释氧>生物栖息地>旅游休闲>科研教育。在对全国湿地进行分区分析得知,东北平原及山区、东部地区和青藏高原地区在各项调节、供给服务功能方面发挥着显著的积极作用,这3个区域同时也是我国湿地的密集分布区。结合不同地理分区下的湿地生态系统服务功能价值量特点,可以实现区域发展与湿地生态环境研究的协同发展,并能够为湿地的保护和建设起到科学、合理的参考方案。Wetlands support ecosystems with great biodiversity all over the world, which are highly productive and valuable, also provide a large array of benefits to human well-being society. The ecosystem services refer to the actual and potential benefits provided to human beings by wetlands, which include provisioning services, such as timber, food and water; regulating services, such as regional climate regulation and flood regulation; supporting services, such as soil formation, biodiversity and nutrient cycling; and cultural services, such as recreational and aesthetic. On one hand, wetland ecosystems are confronted with serious degradation due to human activities such as industry pollution and overexploitation; On the other hand, the demand for wetland ecosystem services is rapidly increasing as populations and living quality increase in recent years, but the public characteristics of the goods and services they provide often result in wetland being undervalued in policy and decision making. The importance of wetland ecosystem to human well-beings has many aspects （ecological, social, economic and so on effective tool to raise protection awareness of wetland to ）, and evaluating the ecosystem services in monetary units is an citizen, which could promote the transform form traditional national economy calculation system to the integrated calculation system of economy-environment. Through selecting open published literatures related to wetland ecosystem service valuation all over China, this study collected 68 papers, from which 71 primary cases about wetland valuation were obtained, including marsh, lake and river wetland. Data in the primary cases should include individual wetland location, area, type, ecosystem services and the value, and then the dataset of wetland ecosystem service value in SPSS software was constructed. The wetland service value of each type in the dataset was standardized to the unit 104yuan km^2 a^-1 in 2008 by GDP indices. Valuation results of various wetland ecosystem service types and l

关 键 词：湿地 生态系统 服务功能 价值评估 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]