贵州草海湿地生态系统服务价值评估  

Evaluation of the ecosystem services in Caohai Wetland,Guizhou Province

作　　者：徐婷[1,2] 徐跃[1,2] 江波[3] 张玲[1,2] 宋文彬[1,2] 周德民[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学城市环境过程与数字模拟国家重点实验室培育基地,北京100048 [2]资源环境与地理信息系统北京市重点实验室,北京100048 [3]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第13期4295-4303,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项资助项目(201204201);北京市教委科研基地建设类项目资助

摘　　要：贵州草海是中国三大高原淡水湖泊之一,其湿地生态系统能给人类提供产品和服务,为社会可持续发展提供基础,由于其价值没有被量化,人们对其重要性缺乏直观认识,导致了湿地的不合理开发及利用。根据草海湿地的特征,运用市场价值法、影子工程法、问卷调查法等定量评估了2010年草海湿地生态系统最终服务价值,包括供给服务、调节服务和文化服务。结果表明,草海湿地生态系统服务总价值为4.39×108元,其中供给服务价值为0.74×108元,调节服务价值为1.14×108元,文化服务价值为2.51×108元;所计算的10项服务按其价值大小排序为:休闲娱乐>生物多样性与景观资源保护>水资源供给>调蓄洪水>气候调节>补给地下水>大气组分调节>原材料生产>水质净化>食物生产;单位面积服务价值为16.40×104元/hm2,是2010年贵州省威宁县单位面积GDP产值的16.91倍。从研究结果来看,草海湿地生态系统服务价值较大,为草海湿地的管理及保护提供了一定参考依据。Wetlands are the kidneys of the Earth. Wetland ecosystems are vital in regulating the Earth＇s environmental balance. Caohai is one of the three Plateau Freshwater Lakes in China, located in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau within the Yangtze River watershed area, having an important role in the downstream water balance. The Caohai Wetland ecosystem provides people not only with essential ecosystem goods, such as raw materials and freshwater resources, but also has the potential to provide many services that are critical for regional sustainable development. However, the lack of information on the ecological economic value of Caohai Wetland hinders cooperation among different stakeholders. Furthermore, inappropriate development and pollution are threatening the functioning and the resultant benefits provided by these wetland systems. The economic valuation of Caohai Wetland ecosystems can help to clarify the tradeoffs among ecosystem services and social goods and services towards wise wetland management. In this paper, we divided the wetland ecosystem services into 3 main categories, provisioning services, regulating services, and cultural services, based on the underlying ecological mechanisms and beneficiary analyses. The 3 categories were further subdivided into 10 subcategories, food production, raw material production, water provisioning service, flood mitigation service, groundwater recharge service, water purification service, climate regulation service, gas regulation service, recreational service, and biodiversity and landscape conservation service. We evaluated the economic value of these 10 subcategories of wetland ecosystem services based on the year 2010 using different methodologies, such as the market value method, shadow engineering method, travel expense method, and contingent valuation method. According to the results of this valuation, the total economic value of the 10 subcategories of ecosystem services provided by Caohai Wetland was 4.39 ×10^8 Yuan RMB, of which provisioning services, regulating

关 键 词：草海湿地 生态系统服务 价值评估 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]