中国玉米区域氮磷钾肥推荐用量及肥料配方研究  

BASIC NPK FERTILIZER RECOMMENDATION AND FERTILIZER FORMULA FOR MAIZE PRODUCTION REGIONS IN CHINA

作　　者：吴良泉[1,2] 武良[1] 崔振岭[1] 陈新平[1] 张福锁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源环境与粮食安全研究中心,北京100193 [2]福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福州350002

出　　处：《土壤学报》2015年第4期802-817,共16页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203013;201103003);国家玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-24)资助

摘　　要：研究中国玉米不同区域氮磷钾肥推荐用量及肥料配方，为引导区域科学施肥和复合肥产品优化提供科学依据。总结分析2005-2010年在全国玉米主产区进行的1752、7081和6328组氮、磷和钾肥肥效试验并参考有关文献资料的基础上，将我国玉米主产区分为4个大区和12个施肥亚区，以氮肥总量控制、磷肥恒量监控、钾肥肥效反应的技术原理计算不同区域的氮磷钾肥的优化用量，并根据“大配方、小调整”的技术思路确定区域肥料配方。结果表明，东北春玉米区（Ⅰ）和西北春玉米区（Ⅲ）的产量水平较高（9．0—10．5t hm^-2），华北夏玉米区（Ⅱ）和西南玉米区（Ⅳ）的产量水平相对较低（7．5～8．3t hm^-2）。12个施肥亚区的氮肥推荐用量平均为N 181kg hm^-2，其中东北冷凉春玉米区（Ⅰ-1）最低（N150kg hm^-2），西北绿洲灌溉春玉米区（Ⅱ-3）最高（N219kg hm^-2）；磷肥推荐用量平均为P2O5 75kg hm^-2，其中华北中北部夏玉米区（Ⅱ-1）最低（P2O5 46kg hm^-2），西北绿洲灌溉春玉米区（Ⅲ-3）最高（P2O5 123kg hm^-2）；钾肥推荐用量平均为K2O 54kg hm^-2，其中西北绿洲灌溉春玉米区（Ⅲ-3）最低（K2O 30kg hm^-2），华北南部夏玉米区（Ⅱ-2）最高（K2O 64kg hm^-2）。根据不同生态区域的养分推荐用量及气候、栽培和土壤条件的差异，在12个施肥亚区总共确定了16个区域肥料配方，包括12个基追结合施肥下的配方和4个一次性施肥配方。区域间养分推荐用量较好反映了区域土壤供肥能力、肥效反应和产量水平的特异性，我国玉米区域大配方的制定不仅为区域肥料配方生产提供技术支撑，也为其他相关作物的区域配肥提供理论参考。Application of fertilizers, unreasonable in rate and formula, has been the main factor limiting maize production. A large number of on-farm fertilization experiments have been conducted on maize across the main agro-ecological regions of China, and large volumes of first-hand data were collected for analysis in this study to explore region-specific optimal NPK recommendation （ including rate and formula ） in anticipation that the study may provide some technical support to improving the maize production in China and a theoretical basis for designing cegion-specific and crop-specific fertilizer. Based on the county＇ s GIS- based agricultural statistical database and relevant literature, the maize production areas in China were divided into 4 major regions by geographic location and production layout and further into 12 fertilization sub-regions in light of climatic, crop cultivation, topographic and soil conditions. Meanwhile a total of 1 752, 7 081 and 6 328 groups of on-farm N, P and K fertilization experiments were conducted all over the maize production areas during 2005-2010, and results and data of the experiments were collected, sorted and collated by fertilization sub-region. Then, sub-region-specific recommendation of N rate for maize was worked out using the N fertilizer total amount control technique and proper ratios of basal/sidedressing were determined in the light of the features and production practices of a region and nutrient demand of the crop; sub-region-specific recommendation of P rate for maize was, using P building-up and maintenance technique and sub-region-specific recommendation of K rate for maize, too, using the technique of yield response to K application. Based on the technical approach of ＇regional fertilizer formula plus site specific adjustment＇ , sub-region-specific fertilizer formula and application technique was designed for all the maize growing areas. Northeast China （ Region Ⅰ ） and Northwest China （ Region Ⅲ ） was quite high in maize yield, reaching 9.

关 键 词：区域 养分推荐用量 大配方 小调整 玉米 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学]