不同时期施用生物炭对稻田N2O和CH4排放的影响  

EFFECTS OF BIOCHAR ON N_2O AND CH_4 EMISSIONS FROM PADDY FIELD UNDER RICE-WHEAT ROTATION DURING RICE AND WHEAT GROWING SEASONS RELATIVE TO TIMING OF AMENDMENT

作　　者：李露[1] 周自强[1] 潘晓健[1] 熊正琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏省低碳农业和温室气体减排重点实验室,南京210095

出　　处：《土壤学报》2015年第4期839-848,共10页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40971139,41171238);“十二五”农村领域国家科技计划课题“农业生态系统固碳减排技术研发集成与示范”(2013BAD11B01)资助

摘　　要：通过分别在水稻季(R)和小麦季(W)设置对照(RB0-N0、WB0-N0)、单施氮肥(RB0-N1、WB0-N1)、20 t hm-2生物炭与氮配施(RB1-N1、WB1-N1)、40 t hm-2生物炭与氮配施(RB2-N1、WB2-N1)等8个处理,研究稻麦轮作周年系统N2O和CH4排放规律及其引起的综合温室效应(Global warming potential,GWP)和温室气体强度(Greenhouse gas intensity,GHGI)特征。结果表明:稻季配施20 t hm-2生物炭对N2O和CH4的排放、作物产量及GWP和GHGI均都无明显影响;稻季配施40 t hm-2生物炭能显著降低8.6%的CH4的排放和9.3%的GWP,显著增加作物产量17.2%。麦季配施20 t hm-2生物炭虽然对温室气体及GWP影响不明显,但显著增加21.6%的作物产量,从而显著降低21.7%的GHGI;麦季配施40 t hm-2生物炭能显著降低20.9%和11.3%的N2O和CH4排放,显著降低15.7%和23.5%的GWP和GHGI。因此麦季配施生物炭对减少N2O和CH4的排放、增加稻麦轮作产量及降低GWP和GHGI的效果较稻季配施生物炭效果更好。A field effects of biochar of rotation, their amend experiment was carried out in a ed at the rice or wheat season on p consequential global warming potential （ paddy addy C GWP ） field under H4 and N2O rice-wheat rotation, to study emission and greenhouse gas s throughout the cycle intensity （ GHGI ） , with a view to providing some scientific basis for extrapolation of the use biochar in mitigating global warming potentials and in agricultural production as well. The field experiment was designed to last an entire cycle of crop rotation, that is, two cropping seasons, rice season and wheat season, and to have eight treatments in triplicate, i.e. Treatment RB0-N0 or CK （zero N fertilizer applied ＆ zero biochar amended in the rice season ） , Treatment RB0-N1 （ 250 kg hm^-2 N fertilizer applied ＆ zero biochar amended in the rice season ） , Treatment RB1-NI （250 kg hm^-2 N fertilizer applied ＆ 20 t hm^-2 biochar amended in the rice season） , Treatment RB2-N, （250 kg hm^-2 N fertilizer applied ＆ 40 t hm^-2 biochar amendment at rice season） , Treatment WB0-N0 （zero N fertilizer applied ＆ zero biochar amended in the wheat season） , Treatment WB0-NJ （ 250 kg hm^-2 N fertilizer applied ＆ biochar amended in the wheat season ） , Treatment WBj-Nj （ 250 kg hm^-2 N fertilizer applied ＆ 20 thm^-2 biochar amended in the wheat season ） , and Treatment WB2-N1 （ 250 kg hm^-2 N fertilizer applied ＆ 40 thm^-2 biochar amended in the wheat season ） . Biochar was amended before rice transplanting on June 10, 2012 and wheat seeding on November 10, 2012. CH4 and N2O gas emission fluxes were monitored with the static chamber and gas chromatography method. Results show that Relative to Treatment RB0-N1 Treatment RB1-N1 did not have much significant effect on N2O and CH4 emissions, GWP and GHGI, while Treatment RB2-N1 significantly improved crop yield by 17.2%, and significantly reduced total CH4 emissions and GWP by 8.6% and 9.3%, respectively. Treatment WBI-N1 did not have

关 键 词：生物炭 N2O排放 CH4排放 综合温室效应 温室气体强度 

分 类 号：P461.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] S152.6[农业科学—土壤学]