秸秆生物炭对潮土作物产量和土壤性状的影响  

EFFECTS OF SUCCESSIVE APPLICATION OF CROP-STRAW BIOCHAR ON CROP YIELD AND SOIL PROPERTIES IN CAMBOSOLS

作　　者：刘园[1,2] M.Jamal Khan 靳海洋[1] 白雪莹[1] 谢迎新[1] 赵旭[2] 王慎强[2] 王晨阳[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家小麦工程技术研究中心,小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室,河南粮食作物协同创新中心,河南农业大学农学院,郑州450002 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,常熟农业生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,南京210008 [3]Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences,The University of Agriculture,25000 Peshawar,Pakistan

出　　处：《土壤学报》2015年第4期849-858,共10页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41001147,41271312);中国科学院南京土壤研究所知识创新项目(Y11200000010);土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室优秀青年人才项目(Y412010006)资助

摘　　要：将秸秆转化为高碳含量和稳定性的生物炭施入土壤无疑可提升碳库，但也会影响土壤性状和作物生长。为评估秸秆生物炭在北方潮土（pH8．30）的应用潜力，设每季生物炭施用量为0（对照）、2．25（低量）、6．75（中量）和11．3t hm^-2（高量）（四季后总施炭量分别为0、9、27、45．2t hm^-2）4个处理，通过2年小麦-玉米轮作小区试验，观测了作物产量、籽粒品质、氮素吸收和土壤矿质氮、pH、容重、水分的变化。结果显示，中量生物炭处理下第四季玉米产量增加8．43％；中、高量生物炭处理下四季作物总产量提高4．54％～4．92％。生物炭对小麦和玉米籽粒蛋白质、小麦湿面筋含量及容重无负面影响。作物地上部分氮素吸收、土壤矿质氮含量和pH各处理间无明显变化。中、高量处理下四季作物后土壤容重降低2．99％-10．4％，含水量增加10．3％-20．2％，最大持水量提高14．5％～15．0％。表明中、高量秸秆生物炭每季还田对作物有小幅增产作用，且不影响籽粒品质。土壤容重、水分、持水量等物理性状的改善可能是作物增产的重要原因。Annually about 0.6 - 0.7 billion tons of crop straw is produced in China, however nearly half failed reasonable use, causing a series of problems such as resource waste and environmental pollution. Biochar, a pyrolyzed biomass high in carbon concentration and stable C, can improve soil carbon pool rapidly when applied to soil. The application of crop-straw derived hiochar does not only increase carbon sequestration, reduce emission of greenhouse gases and improve soil quality, but also serve as an effective way to realize diversified comprehensive utilization of straw resource. Nevertheless, owing to its unique physico-chemical properties, biochar, once applied as a soil conditioner, would certainly alter soil property and then influence crop growth. In order to assess the potential of biochar in application to farmland of cambosols （pH 8.30） in North China Plain, a two-year field experiment （4 croppings or two cycles of wheat and maize crop rotation heginring in fall of 2011 ） , was conducted in the Fengqiu Agro-ecological Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fengqiu, Henan Province. The experiment was designed to have four treatments in biochar application rate, i.e. Treatment BC0 （0 t hm^-2; as control or CK） , Treatment BC2.25 （2.25 t hm^-2; low level） , Treatment BC6.75 （6.75 t hm^-2; medium level） and Treatment BCll.3 （ 11.3 t hm^-2; high level ） . The total biochar application rate of the 4 croppings was 0, 9, 27 and 45.2 t hm^-2, respectively. Each treatment had three replicates and the plots of the treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design （ RCBD ） , 16 m^2 each in area. For wheat N 240 kg hm^-2 （urea） , P205 150 kg hm^-2 （triple superphosphate） and K20 90 kg hm^-2 （potassium sulfate） was applied, while for maize N 200 kg hm^-2 at once as basal dressing and the same rate of P and K as for wheat were. P and K , while N fertilizer was applied in split dosing, i.e. 60% fertilizers were applied all as basal and the remaining 40% as side d

关 键 词：秸秆生物炭 作物产量 籽粒品质 矿质氮 土壤容重 土壤水分 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]