2005-2013年河南省狂犬病流行特征分析  

Epidemiological analysis of rabies in Henan province from 2005 to 2013

作　　者：曲振宇[1] 陈巧格 王婷婷[1] 孙连海[1] 刘新胜[1] 李林珂[1] 李国伟[3] 李先佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]漯河医学高等专科学校,河南漯河462002 [2]河南医学高等专科学校,河南郑州451191 [3]郑州市疾病预防控制中心,河南郑州450042

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2015年第14期2502-2504,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2013年度漯河市科技指导性计划项目(NO:3)

摘　　要：目的 描述河南省2005-2013年人狂犬病疫情流行特征,提出防治对策。方法 收集狂犬病疫情资料和个案调查资料进行描述性分析。结果 2005-2013年河南省共报告狂犬病病例1 022例,年平均发病率为0.12/10万;至2007年达到高峰,之后一直保持在较高水平。全年皆有发病,8月份最多;病例主要分布在南阳、周口、商丘、驻马店、信阳、许昌6个市,其发病总和占全省的57.1%。男女性发病比例约为2.41∶1;40-60岁组报告最多,占总病例数的36.8%;职业以农民为主,占发病数的76.6%;主要伤人动物为犬类,以自家养的为主,流浪狗占36.7%,还有猫和其他动物伤人的报道,暴露后绝大部分人（67.2%）未处理伤口,规范处置仅有12.2%,疫苗使用率则更低（2.6%）。结论 9年来河南省人狂犬病例疫情在县区层面整体上有增多趋势,疫情有向全省扩散倾向。建议建立人犬联合监测系统,从源头上控制疫情的发生和进展。Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemic situation of rabies in Henan province, China and explore the strategies for prevention and control of rabies by analyzing the epidemiological data and treatment of human rabies cases in Henan from 2005 to 2013. Methods The epidemiological data of human rabies cases and the information on the treatment of the human rabies cases in Henan from 2005 to 2013 were collected and subject to statistical analysis using Excel and analysis based on descriptive epidemiology. Results A total of 1022 rabies cases were reported in Henan from 2005 to 2013. The prevalence rate of rabies in Henan increased rapidly since 2005, peaked in 2007, and maintained at a high level in the following years. There were cases of rabies reported each month, with the highest incidence in August. The cases were found mainly in Nanyang, Zhoukou, Shangqiu, Zhumadian, Xinyang and Xuchang, accounting for 57.1% of all cases. Most cases were among peasants. And there were more male cases than female counterparts. Rabies occurred in all age groups, but the patients aged from 40 to 60 years accounted for 36.7% of all cases. The wound treatment rate （12.2%） and whole course vaccination rate （2.6%） of rabies cases after exposure were relatively low. And the rabies immunoglobulin utilization rate for level Ⅲ exposure was only 2.8%. Conclusion The overall epidemic of rabies cases of in the county level overall was increasing in Henan province during the period from 2005 to 2013. The epidemic spreaded quickly. It＇s very important to control the epidemic from its beginning with the guidance of ＂one health＂ concept, including the more integrated surveillance across human health and veterinary sectors.

关 键 词：狂犬病 流行病学 暴露 

分 类 号：R181.2[医药卫生—流行病学] R183.9[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]