西方旅行指南中的西藏形象构建  

Construction of Tibet's Image in Western Travel Guidebooks

作　　者：甘露[1] 卢天玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学旅游学院,四川成都610064

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2015年第7期91-99,共9页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目"基于游客感知和旅行文本的西藏形象研究"(10YJA850012)资助~~

摘　　要：文章以西方代表性旅行指南《孤独星球》和《目击者》为分析文本,分析了西藏旅行指南中的西藏形象,指出"神圣"西藏和"世俗"西藏构成了西藏形象的两个方面。前者将西藏描述为"神秘的佛教王国",具有极强的"香格里拉"神话特征;后者直接指向中央政府的西藏治理和西藏社会经济的发展,被认为是导致西藏"魅力"不断丧失的原因。由于"神圣"西藏具有很强的反世俗特征,因而与西藏治理和西藏发展具有强烈的对抗性,并对西藏旅游业的可持续发展带来不利影响。有鉴于此,文章提出了西藏建设世界旅游目的地在形象建设方面的一些建议。In the West, Tibet is widely regarded as a Shangri-La. However, this has been criticized by some scholars who refer on the grounds that the mythic Shangri-La myth never actually existed in Tibet, but is only a misconception applied to Tibet via certain historical and practical factors. Few studies have explored this subject from the perspective of tourism, and even fewer through the image of Tibet as constructed by Western travel guidebooks. One purpose of this paper is to reveal how Tibet has been described in such literature; the other is to reveal the relationship between these images and the ＂Shangri-La＂ myth as treated in guidebooks.In this study, the Lonely Planet and DK Eyewitness Travel Guide have been chosen as the sample texts for content analysis. The results show that the image of Tibet in these guidebooks includes two aspects：the sacred Tibet and the secular Tibet. The former describes Tibet as a mystical Buddhist kingdom,while the latter shows an increasingly marginalized Tibet that is gradually losing its charm. The sacred Tibet is formed through four dimensions： physical landscapes, history and culture, Tibetan lifestyles,and the natural environment. First, guidebooks highlight the religious landscape, while ignoring much of Tibet＇s non- religious landscapes. Second, the history and culture of Tibet as described in the guidebooks consist exclusively of Tibetan Buddhism, which assumes this to be the extent of the Tibetan culture. Third, guidebooks cosider Buddhism the core of Tibetan people＇s lives. Finally, a considerable part of the natural environment is described as holy mountains and lakes. Through their descriptions of these four dimensions, guidebooks attempt to show that holiness exists everywhere and among the entire population of Tibet. This reveals the degree to which guidebooks describe Tibet in light of the Shangri-La myth, which they perpetuate, is the only value of the region. Compared with the Shangri-La myth, the secular Tibet is mentioned less frequently. It is describ

关 键 词：旅行指南 西藏形象 西方 

分 类 号：F592.7[经济管理—旅游管理]