校车座椅乘员约束系统参数优化设计  

Parameter Optimization for School Bus Seat Restraint System

作　　者：吕娜[1,2,3] 谭卫锋[1,2,3] 王亭[1,2,3] 唐友名[1,2] 薛清 易了[1,2] 陈剑周 

机构地区：[1]厦门理工学院机械与汽车工程学院,福建厦门361024 [2]福建省客车及特种车辆研发协同创新中心,福建厦门361024 [3]厦门金龙汽车座椅有限公司,福建厦门361022

出　　处：《厦门理工学院学报》2015年第3期20-24,共5页Journal of Xiamen University of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51305374);福建省高校杰出青年科研人才培育项目(JA14229);福建省中青年教师教育科研项目(JA14240);厦门理工学院对外科技合作专项(E201400300);厦门理工学院研究生科技创新计划项目(YKJCX2014004)

摘　　要：为研究校车两点式约束系统对中学生乘员损伤防护效果,利用显式有限元分析软件LS-DYNA建立某款校车座椅约束系统数值仿真模型.基于国家标准要求,在实测减速度波形加载下,分析模型中假人头部HIC值,胸部3 ms加速度值和大腿轴向压力值,通过优化约束系统参数进一步提升中学生乘员损伤防护效果.结果表明:减小座椅靠背刚度可以改善中学生乘员腿部损伤防护效果;沿X方向后移安全带固定点位置可明显降低中学生乘员胸部损伤;在合理范围内增大安全带织带刚度可明显降低中学生乘员头部和胸部损伤.In order to estimate the protection effect of two-point seat belts to students in the school bus, a simulation model of occupant restraint system was built for school bus, using finite element software LS-DYNA. As the model was given the test acceleration pulse, the injury of dummy＇s head, thorax and leg were analyzed, and the head HIC, thorax 3 ms acceleration and axial pressure of legs compared, according to Rules GB 24406- 2012. Then the based model was optimized by altering the fixed point of seat belt, the back stiffness and the seat stiffness. The results indicate that the simulation model satisfies the standard criteria, reduced seat back stiffness improves the leg injury prevention effect, occupant chest acceleration decreases significantly to have the safety belt position move backward along the X direction, and the head and thorax acceleration is obviously decreased to have increased safety belt stiffness in a certain range.

关 键 词：校车 座椅约束系统 正面碰撞 安全带 

分 类 号：U463.836[机械工程—车辆工程]