乌鲁木齐市邮政行业接尘作业人员生命质量评价与影响因素分析  

Quality of life and its influencing factors among dust-exposed workers in postal industry in Urumqi City

作　　者：张丽江[1] 刘金宝[2] 何华[1] 刘军[1] 李新风[1] 路宝利[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆乌鲁木齐市疾病预防控制中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]新疆医科大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2015年第8期938-942,共5页Practical Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解乌鲁木齐市邮政行业接尘作业人员生命质量现状及其影响因素，为制定相应政策和措施提供理论依据。方法采用健康调查量表（sF一36）对乌鲁木齐市邮政行业456名接尘作业人员进行生命质量测定。结果456例调查对象中男性占79．61％，女性占20．39％；年龄分布以30~49岁居多，占81．80％；接尘工龄中位数和四分位数为15（9，20）年。人群生命质量总得分（75±11．22）分，不同年龄、工龄、婚姻状况及患尘肺与否生命质量总得分差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），随着年龄和工龄的增长生命质量总得分下降（P〈0．05），离异者和已婚者生命质量得分显著低于未婚者（P〈O．05），无尘肺者生命质量得分较高，壹期尘肺患者得分最低。多因素分析结果表明工龄在10年以上者和尘肺病人是影响生命质量的主要危险因素。结论乌鲁木齐市邮政行业接尘作业人员生命质量较差，接尘工龄、患有尘肺病显著影响其生命质量。Objective To investigate the current status of quality of life and its influencing factors among dust - exposed work- ers in postal industry so as to provide a theoretical basis for developing the relevant interventions. Methods The Medical Out- comes Study 36 - Item Short - Form Health Survey （MOS SF - 36 Health Survey） was employed to measure the quality of life （QOL） of 456 workers exposed to dusts in postal industry in Ururaqi City. Result Among 456 workers surveyed, men and women accounted for 79.61% and 20.39% respectively. Most of the workers were aged between 30 to 49 years, accounting for 81.80%. The median and four percentiles for exposure time were 15 （9, 20） years. The total score of quality of life of the workers was （75 ＋ 11.22） points. It was statistically different among workers with different ages, exposure time, marriage sta- tus and health conditions （P〈0.05）. The total score of quality of life decreased with the increasing age and length of service （P 〈 0.05）. The scores of quality of life of the divorced and the married were both significantly lower than that of the unmarried （P 〈 0.05）. The score of quality of life of the workers without pneumoconiosis was higher, and the score of the workers with phase I pnenm（moniosis was the lowest. The results of multiple factor analysis showed that exposure time longer than 10 years and pneumoconiosis were the main risk factors affecting the quality of life. Conclusions The quality of life of dust - exposed work- ers in postal industry in Urumqi City is poor. Dust- exposure time and pneumoconiosis have a marked impact on the quality of life.

关 键 词：邮政行业 接尘作业 健康调查量表(SF-36) 生命质量 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]