心理因素对坐位人群下背痛的影响分析  

Analysis of the influence of psychological factors on workers in sitting posture

作　　者：刘璐[1] 唐仕川[2] 王生[1] 何丽华[1] 陈松根 董雪梅 武珊珊[1] 曹磊[1] 袁志伟[1] 杨秋月[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院,北京100190 [2]北京市劳动保护科学研究所职业安全健康重点实验室,北京100054 [3]佛山市职业病防治所,广东佛山528000

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2015年第4期254-257,262,共5页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：十二五国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAI12B03);北京市科学技术研究院重大项目(PXM2014-178304-000002-00131228)

摘　　要：目的 探讨心理因素（心理需求、工作自主度、社会支持等方面）对坐位人群下背痛（LBP）的影响,为提出合理的心理干预措施提供依据。方法 选取北京、深圳、佛山3地的电子流水线行业、缝纫行业、制鞋行业等坐位作业人员536人为研究对象,采用自主研发的肌肉骨骼问卷调查肌肉骨骼疾患情况,心理状况调查采用工作内容量表（JCQ）中的部分内容,对选取的工人进行横断面调查,并对可能的危险因素进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果 按α=0.05水准,以反映心理因素的22个指标与LBP年患病指标利用logistic回归模型进行多因素综合分析。结果显示,5项心理因素指标与LBP的患病有统计学关联,体现在LBP与高的心理需要存在相关,工作要求具有较强的能力或技术及工作要求学习新的事物两个因素自评感觉越为赞同者,其患LBP的风险越高;在工作小组中自评低影响力的人患LBP的概率是自评高影响力的工人的5.08倍（OR=5.08,95%CI=1.338~19.282,P=0.017）;低同事支持（OR=6.254,95%CI=1.973~19.823,P=0.002）和低管理者支持（OR=3.512,95%CI=1.258~9.804,P=0.016）会增加患LBP的风险。结论 社会心理因素对于LBP的患病产生一定程度的影响,其作为危险因素或是保护因素的验证还需进一步的研究。Objective To explore the effects of psychological factors （psychological needs, work autonomy,social support etc.）on low back pain（LBP）among workers in sitting posture and provide basis for putting forward reasonable measures of psychological intervention. Methods 536 workers in sitting posture belonging to electronic pipeline industry, sewing industry and shoemaking industry in Beijing, Shenzhen and Foshan were selected as the subjects. We used the questionnaire developed by ourselves in order to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs and also the JCQ to get information of psychological status. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the workers. And the possible risk factors were analyzed by multivariate non- conditional logistic regression. Results According to the level a = 0.05, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of multiple factors by using the logistic regression model including 22 factors that reflected the psychological factors and the factors reflecting annual prevalence of low back pain. The results showed that 5 psychological factors were significantly associated with the prevalence of low back pain, which was reflected in the workers whose LBP had association with high psychological needs, and who agreed more with the two factors of working with strong ability or technology and work requirements of the two factors of learning new things had the higher risk of LBP; the probability of workers who evaluated himself of low impact in the group suffered from low back pain was 5.08 times of those who evaluated himself of high impact （OR = 5.08,95 %CI = 1. 338- 19. 282, P =0. 017） ; low co-workers support （OR=6.254,95%CI=1.973-19. 823,P=0. 002） and low managers support（OR= 3. 512,95 %CI 1.258-9. 804, P = 0.016） would increase the risk of LBP. Conclusions Psychological factors may exert certain influence on the prevalence of low back pain, and the verification of whether they act as the risk factors or protective factors still needs further study.

关 键 词：下背痛 WMSDs 坐位工作人群 心理因素 危险因素 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]