寄主体型大小和母蜂数量对管氏肿腿蜂产卵前期和发育历期的影响  

Pre-oviposition and developmental duration in response to host body size and numbers of foundresses in Sclerodermus guani(Hymenoptera: Bethylidae)

作　　者：林芳芳[1] 唐秀云[1] 孟玲[1] 徐福元 解春霞 郑华英 李保平[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学植物保护学院/农作物生物灾害综合治理教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210095 [2]江苏省林业科学院,江苏南京210005

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2015年第4期584-589,共6页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：江苏省林业三新工程(lysx〔2014〕17);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103002)

摘　　要：[目的]肿腿蜂是寄生蜂中唯一具有母蜂共同产卵于同一寄主、互助抚育子代等准社会行为的类群,如何有效利用寄主是共享寄主的肿腿蜂面临的重要选择压力,本研究主要揭示时间相关特征在肿腿蜂生活史中的意义。[方法]以管氏肿腿蜂(Sclerodermus guani)和寄主松墨天牛(Monoohamus alternatus)幼虫为对象,观察寄主体质量和母蜂数量如何影响产卵前期和子代蜂各虫态的发育历期等时间相关的生活史特征。[结果]管氏肿腿蜂产卵前期随寄主体质量增大而延长,但随母蜂数量增多而缩短,与接1头母蜂相比,接2、4、6和8头母蜂的产卵前期分别缩短17.5%、35.8%、41.3%和49.7%。寄主体质量和母蜂数量对卵发育历期没有显著影响,卵历期为(5.28±0.82)d;对子代蜂幼虫和蛹历期均没有显著影响,幼虫期为(6.81±1.43)d,蛹期为(14.38±1.11)d。[结论]肿腿蜂可根据母蜂数量和寄主体型大小来调整产卵前期。[ Objectives ] Sclerodermus parasitoids are unusual amongst parasitoids in that multiple females （foundresses） share a host, by not only attacking and ovipositing on a single host but together tending the developing brood. The foundresses can be under high selection pressure to effectively exploit resources on the host they share. Here we examined time-specific behavior of foundresses and developmental traits of offspring parasitoids in response to host body size and numbers of foundresses. [ Methods ] We manipulated numbers of Sclerodermus guani foundresses as 1,2,4,6 and 8, respectively, and then exposed to the foundresses for parasitism a long horned beetle （Monoohamus alternatus）larva, which varied continuously in body weight within a wide range. The pre-oviposition time of foundresses and the duration of successive life stages of offspring parasitoids were recorded. [ Results ] The pre-oviposition time increased in relation to increasing host body weight, but decreased in the presence of more foundresses compared to the presence of fewer foundresses, decreasing by 17.5%, 35.8% ,41.3%, and 49.7% in the presence of 2,4,6, and 8 foundresses ,respectively, compared to the presence of 1 foundress. The egg,larval,and pupal development duration did not vary in response to host body weight and numbers of foundresses, averaged out to 5.28,6.81, and 14.38 days, respectively. [ Conclusions ] The results suggest that Sclerodermus females can adjust their pre-oviposition time as an adaptive trait in response to host body size and numbers of foundresses.

关 键 词：生活史 寄主品质 发育表现 准社会行为 肿腿蜂科 

分 类 号：S476.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S763.3[农业科学—植物保护]