梨园秸秆和修剪枝条的还田效果研究  

Research on the effects of application of straw and pruning branches in pear orchard

作　　者：赵鹏[1] 詹国勤 徐加宽 梅新兰[1] 董彩霞[1] 徐阳春[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095 [2]江苏省常州市园艺技术推广站,江苏常州213000

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2015年第4期610-616,共7页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203013);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-29-15)

摘　　要：[目的]研究秸秆和修剪枝条还田对梨园土壤理化性状、生物性状及梨果产量和品质的影响。[方法]在常州市春江镇和马达山两地梨园布置秸秆覆盖、修剪枝条覆盖还田和秸秆反应堆田间试验。[结果]秸秆覆盖、枝条覆盖和秸秆反应堆处理显著提高梨园近地层大气CO2浓度,较对照分别增加52.6%、54.0%和28.3%。与对照相比,秸秆和枝条覆盖处理梨果产量分别提高了37.4%和40.6%,果实可溶性糖含量显著增加,可滴定酸含量和硬度显著降低,糖酸比分别提高了34.2%和43.0%;秸秆反应堆处理梨果产量较对照提高了35.0%,果实品质指标差异不显著。3种还田方式下土壤水溶性有机碳、速效磷、速效钾含量均显著提高,并降低土壤容重,秸秆和枝条覆盖处理显著增加土壤真菌数量,较对照分别增加42.9%和62.5%;秸秆反应堆处理显著增加土壤细菌数量,与对照相比提高116.5%;各处理的微生物量碳、氮含量均显著提高。[结论]秸秆覆盖、枝条覆盖和秸秆反应堆3种还田方式均能够提高梨园CO2浓度,增加土壤水溶性有机碳和微生物量碳、氮含量,改良土壤,并提高梨果产量;秸秆和枝条覆盖还能够改善梨果品质,秸秆反应堆对土壤的改良效果非常明显。[ Objectives] The effects of application of rice straw and pruning branches in pear orchard on soil physical and chemical properties, biological properties, fruit yield and quality were investigated in this study. [ Methods ] Field experiments were carried out in pear orchards in Chunjiang town and Mada mount of Changzhou city, including straw mulching, pruning branches mulching and straw reactor. [ Results ] Compared with the control, straw mulching, branches mulching and straw reactor treatments led to a signifi- cant increase of the near surface atmospheric CO2 concentration by 52.6% ,54.0% and 28.3% ,respectively. The pear yield of straw and branches mulching treatments were 37.4% and 40.6% higher than the control The contents of soluble sugar and titratable acid in the straw and branches mulching treatments were found to be significantly increased and decreased ,which resulted in 34.2% and 43% higher than the control in the ratio of sugar to acid. To the treatment of straw reactor,it was found that the pear yield was 35.0% higher than the control, however, the quality index of fruit was not significantly affected. The content of soil dissolved organic carbon, available phosphorus, available potassium significantly increased while the soil bulk density decreased in these three application ways. Straw and branches mulching treatments led to 42.9% and 62.5% increase in the amount of soil fungi while straw reactor led to 116.5% increase in the amount of soil bacteria. The contents of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in all treatments were improved significantly. [ Conclusions]The CO2 concentration in the orchard,soil dissolved organic carbon,microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in the soil could be efficiently increased by the three kinds of returning ways of straw mulching, branches mulching and straw reactor, which improved the soil and increased the pear yield. Straw and branches mulching were more efficient in fruit improvement ,while straw reactor was more efficient in soil improvement.

关 键 词：梨园 秸秆 覆盖 产量 品质 土壤微生物量 土壤理化性状 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]