花铃期高温受涝对棉花的交互效应及排水指标确定  

Response of cotton to interaction of waterlogging and high temperature during flowering and boll-forming stage and determination of drainage index

作　　者：吴启侠[1,2] 朱建强[1,2] 杨威[2] 程伦国 晏军[2] 

机构地区：[1]长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心,荆州434025 [2]长江大学农学院,荆州434025 [3]湖北省荆州市四湖工程管理局排灌试验站,荆州434125

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第13期98-104,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51079007);农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203032);湖北省重点(优势)学科作物学(长江大学)(2013XKJS);长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金(2014EAUW05)

摘　　要：湖北平原地区棉花花铃期恰逢强降水和高温易发期,棉田易遭受雨涝和高温热害双重胁迫,研究棉花对涝和高温及其复合胁迫的响应,可为该区棉花生产防灾减灾管理提供依据。2013和2014年在可控制灌排的有底混凝土测筒中于棉花花铃期设置持续受涝和高温+受涝处理,旨在研究江汉平原棉花花铃期持续受涝和高温+受涝对其形态、生理活动及产量的影响。结果表明:常温或者高温时,花铃期淹涝3 d棉花开始显著变矮、倒4叶可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量开始显著增加;常温时淹涝6 d果枝数开始显著降低,倒4叶丙二醛含量开始显著增加,而高温时是3 d;常温或者高温时,淹涝12 d倒4叶叶绿素a含量才显著降低;常温时淹涝12 d倒4叶叶绿素含量才显著降低,而高温时是15 d;花铃期受涝、高温和高温+受涝均使籽棉产量显著下降,其影响程度顺序为涝+高温胁迫>涝胁迫>高温胁迫,主要原因是桃数和单铃质量显著下降。若以棉花减产20%作为排水标准,假设在受涝过程中出现连续4 d的高温,则应在3.4 d内排除田面涝水,田间涝水排除后应在3 d内将地下水位降到80 cm以下。Hubei plain area is characterized by plenty of heavy precipitation and high temperature during the flowering and boll-forming stage of cotton, which may result in frequent occurrence of waterlogging and hot damage in cotton field. Waterlogging and high temperature may interactively damage cotton growth and yield. This study aimed to investigate the response of cotton growth and yield to interaction of waterlogging and high temperature condition. In order to achieve the objectives, tube-shaped concrete facilities were used for irrigation and drainage adjustment. Cotton was planted in the facility in 2013 and 2014. The experiments were carried out in Irrigation and Drainage Experimental Station of the Four Lake Engineering Management Bureau, Jingzhou, China（112°31′E, 30°21′N）.Waterlogging, high temperature period and interaction stress were designed. The interaction of waterlogging and high temperature was conducted in the lowering and boll-forming stage of cotton. The soil moisture in the waterlogging treatment was kept at 90% water holding capacity above. Meanwhile, the facility for cotton cultivation in soil with moisture kept at 70%-80% water holding capacity was used as a control. After treatments, the groundwater table was lowered to 80 cm below. The plant height（PH）, number of fruit branch（NFB）, chlorophyll content（Chla, Chlb, Chl（a＋b））, malonaldehyde content（MDA）, soluble sugar（SS） and soluble protein（SP） were measured. The yield and its component of cotton were determined. The results showed that：1） In normal temperature or high temperature, the cotton plant became obviously dwarf, and SS and SP content in the fourth leaf from the top increased significantly with a minimum of 3 d waterlogging（P〈0.05）. In normal temperature, the numbers of fruit branch decreased significantly（P〈0.05） and MDA content in the forth leaf from the top increased with a minimum of 6 d waterlogging, but in high temperature it increased with a minimum of 3 d waterlogging. In no

关 键 词：排水 胁迫 棉花 涝 高温 交互效应 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S276.1