液体地膜对滴灌棉花生理特性和产量的影响  

Effect of liquid mulch on physiological characteristics and yield of drip irrigated cotton

作　　者：李云光[1,2] 王振华[1,2] 张金珠[1,2] 李文昊[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,石河子832000 [2]石河子大学现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,石河子832000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第13期105-112,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51369027);石河子大学高层次人才引进项目(RCZX201322)

摘　　要：为探寻解决干旱区棉田日益严重的"白色污染"问题的途径,明晰液体地膜代替塑料薄膜与滴灌结合对棉花生理特性与产量的影响效果,通过桶栽试验,设置了5种处理(液体地膜1 900 kg/hm2,LFD1;液体地膜2 200 kg/hm2,LFD2;液体地膜2 500 kg/hm2,LFD3;普通塑膜,PFD;裸地对照,CK),监测和分析了不同处理对滴灌棉花叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、水分利用效率和产量的影响。结果表明,液体地膜覆盖用量的大小对滴灌棉花叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度等生理特性指标和水分利用效率及产量均具有重要影响。随着液体地膜用量的增加,滴灌棉花叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度及产量也不断增加,并与塑料地膜覆盖处理的差距变小。液体地膜覆盖对滴灌棉花生理特性的影响作用效果在棉花生理活动旺盛的生育前期和中期更为显著,随着作物生育期的推进(液体地膜覆盖时间的延长)而逐渐降低。在所有观测时间点,3个液体地膜覆盖处理的滴灌棉花叶片净光合速率均高于CK且与CK具有显著性差异(P<0.05);在不同阶段和同一阶段的不同观测时段不同用量液体地膜处理对棉花叶片净光合速率均具有不同的影响。在棉花生理活动相对旺盛的蕾期6月26日14:00,LFD1、LFD2和LFD3的叶片净光合速率较CK分别提高11.12%、29.76%和40.20%,较PFD分别降低24.96%、12.38%和5.33%;液体地膜覆盖滴灌棉花水分利用效率、单株铃数、单铃质量、产量等指标均高于CK处理(P<0.05),液体地膜用量最大的LFD3处理与PFD处理的水分利用效率、单株铃数、单铃质量、产量均没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。LFD1、LFD2和LFD3较CK分别增产7.10%、11.79%和14.39%。不同用量的液体地膜覆盖处理对于滴灌棉花水分利用效率及产量具有重要影响,液体地膜通过不断对棉花生理特性的影响最终�Cotton is an important cash crop widely planted in the northwest arid area of China where plastic films have long been coupled with drip irrigation in crop cultivation to keep soil moisture and raise crop yield. However, as plastic films are difficult to degrade, the so-called white pollution caused by film residuals left in the soils has become an ever severer issue in cotton fields in arid areas due to long time use of plastic films and ineffectiveness of the recycle measures. In contrast to plastic films, liquid mulch, an organic polymer, is environmental friendly because it degrades naturally. To find out the feasibility of replacing plastic films with liquid mulch in drip irrigated cotton fields and the appropriate dosage of liquid mulch for optimal plant physiological characteristics and in turn crop yield, a bucket experiment was conducted on drip irrigated cotton. A total of five treatments were set up including 3 treatments with liquid mulch at different dosages, 1900 kg/hm^2（LFD1）, 2200 kg/hm^2（LFD2）, and 2500 kg/hm^2（LFD3）, one treatment with common plastic film（PFD） and a bare soil control（CK） without liquid mulch or common plastic film. The influence of liquid mulch on the physiological characteristics（i.e., leaf net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration）, water use efficiency（WUE）, yield components（i.e., boll number per plant and single boll weight） and cotton yield was monitored and analyzed. The results showed that liquid mulch dosage had important influence on the physiological characteristics indexes, WUE and cotton yield. With increase in liquid mulch dosage, leaf net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and yield increased and became closer to those in PFD. The influence of liquid mulch on the physiological characteristics of drip irrigated cotton was more significant in the early and middle growth stages of cotton when physiological activities w

关 键 词：棉花 光合 蒸腾 液体地膜 滴灌 水分利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]