基于Horton分形的河套灌区渠系水利用效率分析  

Analysis of efficiency of water utilization in canal-system in Hetao irrigation district based on Horton fractal

作　　者：屈忠义[1] 杨晓[1] 黄永江[1] 杜斌[1] 杨俊林 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古河套灌区管理总局,巴彦淖尔015000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第13期120-127,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51069006);内蒙古自治区水利厅资助项目(NMSH2012-01)

摘　　要：大型灌区灌溉水利用效率是关系国民经济发展和水资源高效利用的重要评价指标。该文采用分维定律对内蒙古河套灌区输配水渠系布置结构与渠系水分利用效率进行评价。根据河套灌区现状的渠系资料,应用Horton定律计算出河套灌区及灌域的分形维数(乌兰布和1.14,解放闸1.86,永济2.21,义长1.8,乌拉特1.99,河套灌区1.88)。在此基础上对不同灌域的渠系水利用效率与分维值进行了分析,拟合了灌溉引水量、灌溉面积与分维值多元曲线,得出了渠系结构优化下的不同灌域的渠系水利用效率提高潜力(乌兰布和19.01%,解放闸28.8%,永济32.7%,义长27.07%,乌拉特30.7%)与灌区平均效率提高潜力(27.19%)。由此提出不同灌域渠系改造方案,对于灌区的科学管理与节水工程规划具有重要的理论意义和应用价值,同时对相似灌区的规划和节水改造具有很好的参考价值。Efficiency of water utilization in large irrigation districts and water-saving potential can reflect degree of water resources utilization and is an important evaluation index of national economic development. It is unknown about effects of canal-system framework on water utilization efficiency in canal-system. In this study, we assessed the relationship between canal-system framework and water utilization efficiency in Hetao Irrigation District, China. The Hetao Irrigation District was divided into Wulanbuhe, Jiefangzha, Yongji, Yichang, and Wulate sub-irrigation districts. The canal-system of Hetao Irrigation district had complex structure with one general canal, 16 trunk canals, 48 sub-main canals, and 57 000 of branch, lateral, field, and sublateral canals. The general, trunk, sub-main, branch, lateral, field and sublateral canals were graded into the first, second, …, and seventh levels. The information on irrigation area, amount, and water use efficiency of each sub-irrigation district in 2012 was collected. Canal-system framework was described by Horton law. The fractal dimension of canal system was calculated based on branch ratio and length ratio of canals. Relationships between fractal dimensions, irrigation amount, efficiencies of water utilization, and irrigation area were evaluated. Then, the proportion of water-saving was calculated. The results showed that the logarithms of canal numbers and length had good linear relationships with canal levels（R^2〉0.9）, indicating the estimation of fractal dimensions was highly reliable. Fractal dimensions in sub-irrigation districts of Hetao Irrigation District were 1.14 for Wulanbuhe, 1.86 for Jiefangzha, 2.21 for Yongji, 1.80 for Yichang, 1.99 for Wulate and 1.88 for Hetao. The fractal dimensions were similar for all sub-irrigation districts because the branch and length ratios were similar. In general, branch ratio of canal-systems was too high in Hetao Irrigation District and should be reduced. The relationship among efficiency of water utilization i

关 键 词：分形维数 渠系 结构优化 河套灌区 Horton定律 节水比例 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程]