废旧棉与水稻秸秆纤维混合地膜制造工艺参数优化  

Optimization of technical parameters for making mulch from waste cotton and rice straw fiber

作　　者：陈海涛[1] 明向兰 刘爽[1] 张颖[1] 张鸿超[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第13期292-300,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金："十二五"科技支撑计划课题"秸秆基农用膜成型工艺与设备研究"(2012BAD32B02-5)

摘　　要：为提高废旧棉织物和农作物秸秆的利用率,对废旧棉纤维与水稻秸秆纤维混合制取地膜的工艺及性能进行了试验研究。以废旧棉纤维为＂骨架＂,水稻秸秆纤维为填充辅料,添加功能助剂,应用四因素五水平二次正交旋转中心组合试验方法,以打浆度、棉纤维添加量、定量和湿强剂质量分数为影响因子,以混合地膜的干抗张强度、干伸长率、湿抗张强度、湿伸长率为响应函数,研究得出了定量77-90 g/m^2、湿强剂质量分数1.5%-1.8%、棉纤维打浆度45°SR、棉纤维添加量25%的废旧棉与水稻秸秆纤维混合地膜最佳工艺参数组合,所得混合纤维地膜的干抗张强度大于32 N、干伸长率大于1.8%、湿抗张强度大于10 N、湿伸长率大于5.5%,可满足地膜田间覆盖机械性能要求。研究结果为综合利用废旧棉织物和水稻秸秆制备可降解地膜提供理论依据和技术支撑。The technology of plastic mulching was widely used, but its use depended on petroleum resources, which caused white pollution; straw was a rich resource in quantity, but large amount of waste straw was burned in the field, which caused the waste of resource and the environmental pollution at the same time. To solve the pollution of plastic film, plant fiber mulching has been developed, which was biodegradable mulching. There was lots of methyl cellulose in the biogas residue produced by anaerobic fermentation using ruminant feces. Crop residues, most often treated as waste material, could be used as raw material to produce biodegradable plastic membrane, and one technique may solve the white pollution brought by plastic mulching and the plant residue pollution. Waste cotton fiber came from human production and life with low price, so there was an urgent need to its re-utilization. Abandoned textiles were mostly disposed as garbage, and the recycle was very little, which resulted in serious waste of resource and environmental pollution. In abandoned textiles, cotton textiles were mostly confined, for cotton fiber was cut or broken, and through the re-processing, some low additional value products were produced, which hindered the establishment of the industrial chain of the waste textile recycling. In order to improve the utilization rate of waste cotton fabrics and crop straw, and provide technical support for making the biodegradable biogas residue fiber mulch, the processing and property of hybrid film produced by waste cotton and rice straw fiber were studied. The ＂skeleton＂ was waste cotton fiber, and filling material was rice straw fiber, with adding the additive that was environmental friendly. The method of four-factor and five-level quadratic regression orthogonal rotation center combination was applied. Beating degree, adding ratio, basis weight and wet strength agent were taken as influencing factors; dry tension strength and elongation, wet tension strength and elongation were objective variances.

关 键 词：秸秆 纤维 优化 废旧棉 混合地膜工艺 

分 类 号：S216.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]